<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925</id><updated>2011-11-27T16:35:17.978-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Happiest People On Earth. FGBMFI Daan Mogot and Puri Banking Jakarta Chapter</title><subtitle type='html'>Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International (FGBMFI )is the worlds largest christian business men's organisation, networking thousands of members in more than 160 countries.A non-profit organisation committed to reaching our colleagues in business and the professions with a message of truth, hope and love through the gospel of Jesus Christ.The Happiest People On Earth and HIS BANNER OVER US IS LOVE. FGBMFI Daan Mogot and Puri Banking Chapter in Jakarta,Indonesia</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>52</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-7579489565563563126</id><published>2009-01-03T03:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-03T03:46:12.022-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pernah "Kumpul Kebo" Mudah Cerai</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SV9P8LVmatI/AAAAAAAAAH0/Ws1yMR_v4vI/s1600-h/213822p.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 225px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SV9P8LVmatI/AAAAAAAAAH0/Ws1yMR_v4vI/s320/213822p.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287032382810385106" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sabtu, 3 Januari 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HATI-HATI kalau putra-putri Anda tergoda untuk "kumpul kebo" atau hidup bersama pacarnya sebelum menikah. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan Dr Catherine L Cohan dan Stacey Kleinbaum dari Pennsylvania State University, AS, pasangan yang hidup bersama sebelum menikah lebih mungkin bermasalah dalam komunikasi antarpasangan sehingga rawan bercerai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kepada 92 pasangan yang sudah menikah sekitar dua tahun, periset menanyakan kepuasan mereka dalam perkawinan, riwayat depresi, penyalahgunaan minuman beralkohol, hingga penggunaan agresivitas fisik dalam memecahkan persoalan perkawinan. Selain itu, secara langsung responden juga diminta berdiskusi membahas permasalahan seputar perkawinan.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari situ diketahui, pasangan yang hidup bersama sebelum menikah kurang bersikap positif, dan justru bersikap negatif, bila harus membahas persoalan dalam perkawinan dan menyediakan dukungan bagi pasangan mereka. Sebaliknya, secara verbal mereka lebih agresif dan lebih mudah saling bersikap bermusuhan dibandingkan dengan pasangan yang sebelumnya tidak "kumpul kebo". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penyebab itu semua, periset menduga, ada kemungkinan saat memasuki perkawinan pasangan yang pernah "kumpul kebo" memiliki komitmen yang lebih rendah. “Iklim hubungan yang sangat terbuka mungkin menyebabkan mereka kurang termotivasi untuk mengembangkan keterampilan menyelesaikan konflik,” lapor peneliti dalam Journal of Marriage and Family.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menurut peneliti, memang tidak semua pasangan "kumpul kebo" bercerai. Namun, kenyataan bahwa keterampilan komunikasi antarpasangan yang mereka miliki rendah, para penasihat perkawinan bisa mulai membenahi kekurangan ini bila menghadapi persoalan pasangan yang pernah "kumpul kebo".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JJW &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/01/03/14292751/Pernah.Kumpul.Kebo.Mudah.Cerai&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-7579489565563563126?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/7579489565563563126/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=7579489565563563126' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7579489565563563126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7579489565563563126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/pernah-kumpul-kebo-mudah-cerai.html' title='Pernah &quot;Kumpul Kebo&quot; Mudah Cerai'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SV9P8LVmatI/AAAAAAAAAH0/Ws1yMR_v4vI/s72-c/213822p.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2540653612778412488</id><published>2009-01-01T10:13:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T10:14:02.579-08:00</updated><title type='text'>2008, Tahun Sedih Bagi Para Miliarder (Kompas.com)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SV0H2mUAPhI/AAAAAAAAAHs/hZAFFbHSBQY/s1600-h/100852p.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 225px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SV0H2mUAPhI/AAAAAAAAAHs/hZAFFbHSBQY/s320/100852p.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5286390172181610002" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kamis, 1 Januari 2009 | 12:54 WIB&lt;br /&gt;Bagi para miliarder, tahun ini merupakan tahun yang paling mengerikan karena pasar dan mata uang di seluruh dunia dilanda krisis global. Mereka telah kehilangan miliaran dollar AS hanya dalam beberapa bulan  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lebih dari 300 dari 1.125 miliader yang disebutkan Forbes sebagai orang-orang terkaya di dunia telah kehilangan 1 miliar dollar AS , dan belasan lainnya kehilangan lebih dari 5 miliar dollar AS. Salah satu orang terkaya di dunia, Anil Ambani, pada tahun 2008 telah kehilangan sekitar 150 miliar dollar AS dari total harta kekayaannya. Anil dimasukkan ke dalam 25 Pengusaha Amerika Paling Bangkrut tahun 2008, yang nilai kerugiannya mencapai 167 miliar dollar AS.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Namun, walaupun 2008 adalah tahun yang menakutkan, kisah beberapa milirder dan "mantan" miliarder ini patut dijadikan pelajaran.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David Ross, salah seorang pengusaha Inggris sukses, misalnya. Awal bulan ini Ross mengumumkan empat perusahaan umum yang saham mayoritasnya telah dikuasainya. Namun, Ross kemungkinan harus terpaksa menjual sebagian dari saham-sahamnya untuk melunasi utang-utangnya. Sejauh ini, Ross juga telah mengundurkan dari kursi jajaran direksi, dan bahkan mundur dari penasehat Olimpiacs. Sebelumnya, pada bulan Maret lalu, jumlah kekayaannya diperkirakan mencapai 1,4 miliar dollar AS, namun kini hanya tersisa 150 juta dollar AS.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sementara itu, mantan ketua dan pemegang saham mayoritas di Landsbanki, bank kedua terbesar di Islandia, Bjorgolfur Gudmundsson, kehilangan 1,1 miliar dollar AS ketika krisis kredit melanda negara kepulauan ini. Dan karena hal ini, akhirnya Gudmundsson harus melego tim sepakbola kepunyaannya, West Ham.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa warga Rusia merupakan beberapa yang terparah menderita kerugian dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Usaha baja Vladimir Lisins yang diberi nama Novolipetsk Iron snf Steel mengalami penurunan 75 persen sejak Juni lalu. Perusahaan pupuk milik Dmitry Rybolovlev, Uralkali, anjlok 90 persen di periode yang sama di atas.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dan yang terparah lainnya adalah Oleg Deripaska. Pada bulan Maret 2008, Deripaksa adalah pengusaha kesembilan terkaya di dunia, dan terkaya di Rusia, dengan jumlah kekayaannya diperkirakan 28 miliar dollar AS. Namun, karena Deripaska dipaksa untuk menjual saham perusahaan pembuat mobil asal Kanada, Magna sebesar 4,5 miliar dollar AS untuk mempertahankan sahamnya di Norilsk Nickel. Deripaska diperkirakan akan kembali menjual aset-asetnya untuk menghindari kerugian yang lebih besar. Saat ini, kekayaan Deripaska mencapai 10 juta dollar AS.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dan, yang paling parah di antara yang parah adalah Anil Ambani, yang pernah menghiasi halaman depan majalah milioner, memiliki kekayaan sekitar 42 miliar dollar AS.  Dia harus menanggung kehilangan uang 30 miliar Dollar AS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berikut 5 miliarder yang menjadi jadi "miskin"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Anil Ambani &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 42 miliar dollar AS &lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 12 miliar dollar AS   &lt;br /&gt;Anil kehilangan 30 miliar dollar AS dalam sembilan bulan terakhir, angka terbesar di dunia. Saham perusahaan telekomunikasinya anjlok k etika berurusan dengan perjanjian dengan perusahaan telekomunikasi Afrika, MTN. Dalam satu tahun, Anil, bersama ketiga saudaranya, Mukesh, Lakshmi Mittal, dan KP Singh, kehilangan lebih dari 20 miliar Dollar AS /orang. Sebelumnya, keempat warga Indonesia tersebut sempat masuk ke dalam 10 Orang Terkaya di Dunia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Oleg Deripaska &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 28 miliar dollar AS&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 10 miliar dollar AS  &lt;br /&gt;Mantan pedagang metal asal Rusia ini ambruk akibat krisis global, dan meninggalkan utang 14 miliar dollar AS. Sebelumnya, Deripaska telah menerima pinjaman sebesar 4,5 Dollar AS dari bank pemerintah untuk mempertahankan 25 persen saham mayoritas di Norilsk Nicket . Deripaksa akan dipaksa untuk menjual kembali saham yang dimilikinya agar dapat mengembalikan pinjamann dana oleh beberapa bank asing dan Magna Intenational&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Anurag Dikshit &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 1,6 miliar dollar AS&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 1 miliar dollar AS  &lt;br /&gt;Dikshit merancang peranti lunak untuk permainan Partypoker, yang memungkinkan penggunanya melakukan judil melalu website . Baru-baru ini, Dikhsit dinyatakan bersalah dan melanggar undang-undang video game AS, dan bersedia didenda 300 juta sollar AS. Dia telah membayar 100 juta dollar AS, dan sisanya akan dicicil selama dua tahun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Bjorgflur Gudmundsson &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 1,1 miliar dollar AS&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 0  &lt;br /&gt;Pada bulan Oktober, bank Landsbanki, bank kedua terbesar di Islandia, ambruk, dan dibekukan oleh pemerintah, dan menyebabkan uang Gudmundsson 1,1 miliar Dollar AS melayang. Akhirnya dia harus menjual tim sepakbola kesayangannya, West Ham. Ini bukanlah pertama kalinya Gudmundsson mendapatkan masalah. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Luis Portillo &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 1,2 miliar dollar AS&lt;br /&gt;Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 15 juta dollar AS  &lt;br /&gt;Luis Portillo adalah seorang pengusaha real estate di Spanyol. Dia telah mengakuisisi beberapa perusahaan real estate, seperti Inmocaral dan Inmobiliaria Colonial, dengan meminjam uang sebesar 1,4 miliar dollar AS kepada berbagai bank dengan jaminan saham di perusahaannya tersebut. Namun, ketika pada bulan Desember 2007 dia mengundurkan diri sebagai pimpinan, dan mencoba menjualnya ke lembaga keuangan di Dubai tahun 2008, krisis global lebih dulu menghampirinya. Portillo kesulitan menjual sahamnya, dan tidak dapat membayar utangnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HIN &lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/01/01/12545258/2008.tahun.sedih.bagi.para.miliarder&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2540653612778412488?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2540653612778412488/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2540653612778412488' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2540653612778412488'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2540653612778412488'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/2008-tahun-sedih-bagi-para-miliarder.html' title='2008, Tahun Sedih Bagi Para Miliarder (Kompas.com)'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SV0H2mUAPhI/AAAAAAAAAHs/hZAFFbHSBQY/s72-c/100852p.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4835701901169157792</id><published>2009-01-01T10:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T10:09:36.714-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Cortisol</title><content type='html'>Cortisol &lt;br /&gt;Systematic (IUPAC) name &lt;br /&gt;(11β)-​11,​17,​21-​trihydroxypregn-​4-​ene-​3,​20-​dione &lt;br /&gt;Identifiers &lt;br /&gt;CAS number 50-23-7 &lt;br /&gt;ATC code H02AB09 (and others) &lt;br /&gt;PubChem 5754 &lt;br /&gt;ChemSpider 5551 &lt;br /&gt;Chemical data &lt;br /&gt;Formula C21H30O5  &lt;br /&gt;Mol. mass 362.465 &lt;br /&gt;Pharmacokinetic data &lt;br /&gt;Bioavailability  ? &lt;br /&gt;Metabolism  ? &lt;br /&gt;Half life  ? &lt;br /&gt;Excretion  ? &lt;br /&gt;Therapeutic considerations &lt;br /&gt;Pregnancy cat. C&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Legal status  &lt;br /&gt;Routes Oral tablets, intravenously, topical &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, that is part of the adrenal gland (in the Zona fasciculata and the Zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex). It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in response to stress. It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immune responses. Various synthetic forms of cortisol are used to treat a variety of different illnesses. The most well-known of these are a natural metabolic intermediary of cortisol named hydrocortisone. When first introduced as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, hydrocortisone was referred to as Compound E.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contents&lt;br /&gt; [hide]&lt;br /&gt;1 Physiology &lt;br /&gt;1.1 Effects &lt;br /&gt;1.2 Binding &lt;br /&gt;1.3 Regulation &lt;br /&gt;2 Diseases and disorders &lt;br /&gt;3 Pharmacology &lt;br /&gt;4 Biochemistry &lt;br /&gt;4.1 Biosynthesis &lt;br /&gt;4.2 Metabolism &lt;br /&gt;5 See also &lt;br /&gt;6 Additional images &lt;br /&gt;7 References &lt;br /&gt;8 External links &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Physiology&lt;br /&gt;The amount of cortisol present in the blood undergoes diurnal variation, with the highest levels present in the early morning, and the lowest levels present around midnight, 3-5 hours after the onset of sleep. Information about the light/dark cycle is transmitted from the retina to the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus. The pattern is not present at birth (estimates of when it starts vary from two weeks to 9 months).[1]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Changed patterns of serum cortisol levels have been observed in connection with abnormal ACTH levels, clinical depression, psychological stress, and such physiological stressors as hypoglycemia, illness, fever, trauma, surgery, fear, pain, physical exertion or extremes of temperature.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is also significant individual variation, although a given person tends to have consistent rhythms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Effects&lt;br /&gt;See also Medical uses and effects of high dose glucocorticoids &lt;br /&gt;In normal release, cortisol (like other glucocorticoid agents) has widespread actions which help restore homeostasis after stress. (These normal endogenous functions are the basis for the physiological consequences of chronic stress - prolonged cortisol secretion.). It has been proposed that its primary function is to inversely mobilize the immune system to fight potassium-depleting diarrhea diseases.[2] Its odd attributes all support this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Insulin &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol counteracts insulin by increasing gluconeogenesis and promotes breakdown of lipids (lipolysis), and proteins, and mobilization of extrahepatic amino acids and ketone bodies. This leads to increased circulating glucose concentrations (in the blood) by increasing gluconeogenesis. There is an increased glycogen breakdown in the liver.[3] Prolonged cortisol secretion causes hyperglycemia. Cortisol has no effect on insulin.[4] The reason why in vivo experiments seem to deny this is that cortisone (a cortisol metabolite) greatly inhibits insulin. So the cortisone-cortisol equilibrium may explain why in vivo experiments contradict the cortisol effect.[5] Cortisol does cause serum glucose to rise, but this is probably an indirect effect caused by stimulation of amino acid degradation, especially that derived from collagen in the skin. Loss of collagen from skin by cortisol is ten times greater than from all other tissue in the rat.[6] &lt;br /&gt;Amino acids &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol raises the free amino acids in the serum. It does this by inhibiting collagen formation, decreasing amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibiting protein synthesis.[7] Cortisol (as opticortinol) probably inversely inhibits IgA precursor cells in the intestines of calves.[8] Cortisol also inhibits IgA in serum, as it does IgM, but not IgE.[9] &lt;br /&gt;Gastric secretion &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol stimulates gastric acid secretion.[10] Gastric acid secretion would increase loss of potassium into the stomach during diarrhea as well as acid loss. Cortisol's only direct effect on the hydrogen ion excretion of the kidneys is to stimulate excretion of ammonium ion by inactivation of renal glutaminase enzyme.[11] Net chloride secretion in the intestines is inversely decreased by cortisol in vitro (methylprednisolone).[12] &lt;br /&gt;Sodium &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol inhibits loss of sodium from small intestines of mammals.[13] However, sodium depletion does not affect cortisol,[14] so cortisol is not used to regulate serum sodium. Cortisol's purpose may originally have been centered around moving sodium because cortisol is used to stimulate sodium inward for fresh water fish and outward for salt-water fish.[15] &lt;br /&gt;Potassium &lt;br /&gt;Sodium load augments the intense potassium excretion by cortisol, and corticosterone is comparable to cortisol in this case.[16] In order for potassium to move out of the cell, cortisol moves in an equal number of sodium ions.[17] It can be seen that this should make pH regulation much easier, unlike the normal potassium deficiency situation in which about 2 sodium ions move in for each 3 potassium ions that move out, which is closer to the deoxycorticosterone effect. Nevertheless, cortisol consistently causes alkalosis of the serum, while in a deficiency pH does not change. Perhaps this may be for the purpose of bringing serum pH to a value most optimum for some of the immune enzymes during infection in those times when cortisol declines. Potassium is also blocked from loss in the kidneys directly somewhat by decline of cortisol (9 alpha fluorohydrocortisone).[18] &lt;br /&gt;Water &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol also acts as a water diuretic hormone. Half the intestinal diuresis is so controlled.[19] Kidney diuresis is also controlled by cortisol in dogs. The decline in water excretion upon decline of cortisol (dexamethasone) in dogs is probably due to inverse stimulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or arginine vasopressin), the inverse stimulation of which is not overridden by water loading.[20] Humans also use this mechanism[21] and other different animal mechanisms operate in the same direction. &lt;br /&gt;Copper &lt;br /&gt;It is probable that increasing copper availability for immune purposes is the reason why many copper enzymes are stimulated to an extent which is often 50% of their total potential by cortisol.[22] This includes lysyl oxidase, an enzyme which is used to cross link collagen and elastin.[23] Particularly valuable for immunity is the stimulation of superoxide dismutase by cortisol[24] since this copper enzyme is almost certainly used by the body to permit superoxide to poison bacteria. Cortisol causes an inverse four- or fivefold decrease of metallothionein, a copper storage protein, in mice[25] (however rodents do not synthesize cortisol themselves). This may be to furnish more copper for ceruloplasmin synthesis or release of free copper. Cortisol has an opposite effect on alpha aminoisobuteric acid than on the other amino acids.[26] If alpha aminoisobuteric acid is used to transport copper through the cell wall, this anomaly would possibly be explained. &lt;br /&gt;Immune system &lt;br /&gt;Cortisol can weaken the activity of the immune system. Cortisol prevents proliferation of T-cells by rendering the interleukin-2 producer T-cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 (IL-1), and unable to produce the T-cell growth factor.[27] Cortisol has a negative feedback effect on interleukin-1[28] which must be especially useful in combating diseases, such as the endotoxin bacteria, that gain an advantage by forcing the hypothalamus to secrete a hormone called CRH. The suppressor cells are not affected by GRMF,[29] so that the effective set point for the immune cells may be even higher than the set point for physiological processes. It reflects leukocyte redistribution to lymph nodes, bone marrow, and skin. Acute administration of corticosterone (the endogenous Type I and Type II receptor agonist), or RU28362 (a specific Type II receptor agonist), to adrenalectomized animals induced changes in leukocyte distribution. Natural killer cells are not affected by cortisol.[30] &lt;br /&gt;Bone metabolism &lt;br /&gt;It lowers bone formation thus favoring development of osteoporosis in the long term. Cortisol moves potassium out of cells in exchange for an equal number of sodium ions as mentioned above.[31] This can cause a major problem with the hyperkalemia of metabolic shock from surgery. &lt;br /&gt;Memory &lt;br /&gt;It cooperates with epinephrine (adrenaline) to create memories of short-term emotional events; this is the proposed mechanism for storage of flash bulb memories, and may originate as a means to remember what to avoid in the future. However, long-term exposure to cortisol results in damage to cells in the hippocampus. This damage results in impaired learning. The desirability of inhibiting activity during infection is no doubt the reason why cortisol is responsible for creating euphoria.[32] The desirability of not disturbing tissues weakened by infection or of not cutting off their blood supply could explain the inhibition of pain widely observed for cortisol. &lt;br /&gt;Additional effects &lt;br /&gt;It increases blood pressure by increasing the sensitivity of the vasculature to epinephrine and norepinephrine. In the absence of cortisol, widespread vasodilation occurs. &lt;br /&gt;It inhibits the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), resulting in feedback inhibition of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin) secretion. Some researchers believe that this normal feedback system may become dysregulated when animals are exposed to chronic stress. &lt;br /&gt;It increases the effectiveness of catecholamines. &lt;br /&gt;It allows for the kidneys to produce hypotonic urine. &lt;br /&gt;It has anti-inflammatory effects by reducing histamine secretion and stabilizing lysosomal membranes. The stabilization of lysosomal membranes prevents their rupture, thereby preventing damage to healthy tissues. &lt;br /&gt;It stimulates hepatic detoxification by inducing tryptophan oxygenase (to reduce serotonin levels in the brain), glutamine synthase (reduce glutamate and ammonia levels in the brain), cytochrome P-450 hemoprotein (mobilizes arachidonic acid), and metallothionein (reduces heavy metals in the body). &lt;br /&gt;In addition to the effects caused by cortisol binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, because of its molecular similarity to aldosterone, it also binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor. Aldosterone and cortisol have similar affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor however, glucocorticoids circulate at roughly 100 times the level of mineralocorticoids. An enzyme exists in mineralocorticoid target tissues to prevent overstimulation by glucocorticoids and allow selective mineralocorticoid action. This enzyme, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (Protein:HSD11B2), catalyzes the deactivation of glucocorticoids to 11-dehydro metabolites. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Binding&lt;br /&gt;Most serum cortisol, all but about 4%, is bound to proteins including corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), and serum albumin. Only free cortisol is available to most receptors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Regulation&lt;br /&gt;The primary control of cortisol is the pituitary gland peptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH probably controls cortisol by controlling movement of calcium into the cortisol secreting target cells.[33]. ACTH is in turn controlled by the hypothalamic peptide, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), which is under nervous control. CRH acts synergistically with arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, and epinephrine [34]. When activated macrophages start to secrete interleukin-1 (IL-1), which synergistically with CRH increases ACTH, [35] T-cells also secrete glucosteroid response modifying factor (GRMF or GAF) as well as IL-1, both of which increase the amount of cortisol required to inhibit almost all the immune cells [36]. Thus immune cells take over their own regulation, but at a higher cortisol set point. Even so, the rise of cortisol in diarrheic calves is minimal over healthy calves and drops below with time. [37] The cells do not lose all of the fight or flight override because of interleukin-1's synergism with CRH. Cortisol even has a negative feedback effect on interleukin-1 [38] which must be especially useful against those diseases which gain an advantage by forcing the hypothalamus to secrete too much CRH, such as the endotoxin bacteria..The suppressor immune cells are not affected by GRMF, [39] so that the effective set point for the immune cells may be even higher than the set point for physiological processes. GRMF (called GAF in this reference) primarily affects the liver rather than the kidneys for some physiological processes [40].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A high potassium media, which stimulates aldosterone secretion in vitro, also stimulates cortisol secretion from the fasciculata zone of dog adrenals [41] unlike corticosterone, upon which potassium has no effect [42]. Potassium loading increases ACTH and cortisol in people also [43]. This is no doubt the reason why a potassium deficiency causes cortisol to decline (as just mentioned) and why a potassium deficiency causes a decrease in conversion of 11deoxycortisol to cortisol [44]. This probably contributes to the pain in rheumatoid arthritis since cell potassium is always low in that disease [45]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diseases and disorders&lt;br /&gt;Hypercortisolism: Excessive levels of cortisol in the blood result in Cushing's syndrome. &lt;br /&gt;Hypocortisolism, or adrenal insufficiency: If on the other hand the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of cortisol, Addison's disease is the consequence. &lt;br /&gt;The relationship between cortisol and ACTH is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE DISORDERS OF CORTISOL SECRETION  Plasma Cortisol Plasma ACTH &lt;br /&gt;Primary Hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) ↑ ↓ &lt;br /&gt;Secondary Hypercortisolism (pituitary or ectopic tumor, Cushing's disease) ↑ ↑ &lt;br /&gt;Primary Hypocortisolism (Addison's disease) ↓ ↑ &lt;br /&gt;Secondary Hypocortisolism (pituitary tumor) ↓ ↓ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Pharmacology&lt;br /&gt; The remainder of this article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.&lt;br /&gt;Please improve this article if you can. (January 2007) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hydrocortisone is the pharmaceutical term for cortisol used for oral administration, intravenous injection, or topical application. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It may be used topically for allergic rashes, eczema, psoriasis and certain other inflammatory skin conditions. It may also be injected into inflamed joints resulting from diseases such as gout.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compared to prednisolone, hydrocortisone is about 1/4 the strength for the anti-inflammatory effect, while Dexamethasone is about 40 times as strong as hydrocortisone. For side effects, see corticosteroid and prednisolone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hydrocortisone creams and ointments are available without prescription in strengths ranging from 0.5% to 2.5%, depending on local regulations, with stronger forms available with prescriptions only. Covering the skin after application increases the absorption and effect. Such enhancement is sometimes prescribed, but otherwise should be avoided to prevent over-dosing and systemic impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advertising for the dietary supplement CortiSlim originally (and falsely) claimed that it contributed to weight loss by blocking cortisol. The manufacturer was fined $1.2 million by the Federal Trade Commission in 2007 for false advertising, and no longer claims in their marketing that CortiSlim is a cortisol antagonist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Biochemistry&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Biosynthesis&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Steroidogenesis, showing cortisol at right.Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol. The synthesis takes place in the zona fasciculata of the cortex of the adrenal glands. (The name cortisol comes from cortex.) While the adrenal cortex also produces aldosterone (in the zona glomerulosa) and some sex hormones (in the zona reticularis), cortisol is its main secretion. The medulla of the adrenal gland lies under the cortex and mainly secretes the catecholamines, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) under sympathetic stimulation (more epinephrine is produced than norepinephrine, in a ratio 4:1).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal gland is stimulated by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); production of ACTH is in turn stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), released by the hypothalamus. ACTH increases the concentration of cholesterol in the inner mitochondrial membrane (via regulation of STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein). The cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone, catalysed by Cytochrome P450SCC (side chain cleavage).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Metabolism&lt;br /&gt;Cortisol is metabolized by the 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system (11-beta HSD), which consists of two enzymes: 11-beta HSD1 and 11-beta HSD2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11-beta HSD1 utilizes the cofactor NADPH to convert biologically inert cortisone to biologically active cortisol. &lt;br /&gt;11-beta HSD2 utilizes the cofactor NAD+ to convert cortisol to cortisone. &lt;br /&gt;Overall the net effect is that 11-beta HSD1 serves to increase the local concentrations of biologically active cortisol in a given tissue, while 11-beta HSD2 serves to decrease the local concentrations of biologically active cortisol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cortisol is also metabolized into 5-alpha tetrahydrocortisol (5-alpha THF) and 5-beta tetrahydrocortisol (5-beta THF), reactions for which 5-alpha reductase and 5-beta reductase are the rate-limiting factors, respectively. 5-beta reductase is also the rate-limiting factor in the conversion of cortisone to tetrahydrocortisone (THE).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The CA3 area of hippocampus (memory) is affected by cortisol.[citation needed]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An alteration in 11-beta HSD1 has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance, sometimes referred to the metabolic syndrome.[citation needed]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An alteration in 11-beta HSD2 has been implicated in essential hypertension and is known to lead to the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME).[citation needed]&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4835701901169157792?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4835701901169157792/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4835701901169157792' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4835701901169157792'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4835701901169157792'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/cortisol_01.html' title='Cortisol'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-3114067355478364036</id><published>2009-01-01T10:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T10:07:07.013-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Cortisol</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt; Cortisol&lt;/strong&gt; is one of the most popular causes of alleged weight gain to be researched today. There are hundreds of supplements that aim at changing the amount of cortisol in the body through essentially similar methods, and yet more come out each and every day. CortiDiet™ is one of these products, offering a solution to overstressed, overworked, and overweight people by implementing a system of “proper diet, exercise and supplementation.” CortiDiet™ states that our brain’s natural reaction to stressful situations is archaic, dating back to a time when food was scarce and we needed to store fat for energy. CortiDiet™ then offers a solution—controlling our body’s reaction to stress and inhibiting the actions of cortisol. The ingredients are not unusual for this type of product, but its approach to weight loss is different from almost every other diet product on the market.  &lt;br /&gt; Ingredients At A Glance &lt;br /&gt;CortiDiet™’s formula includes Phosphatidylserine, Mucuna Pruriens, 5 HTP, Green Tea Leaf, Coleus Forskohlii, Zhi Shi, Guggulesterones, Chromium Polynicotinate, Vanadium, Calcium, and Magnesium.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Phosphatidylserine is a stress-reducing ingredient derived from soy beans. The ingredient has a positive neuroendocrine effect on moods when used over an extended period of time (10 days). Green Tea Leaf Extract is included in this product in order to increase metabolism and burn more fat. The included antioxidants in this extract also help with general health. However, Green Tea Leaf Extract contains caffeine which has been known to cause negative side-effects which include nausea, insomnia, nervousness, elevated heart rate and increased blood pressure&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guggulesterones are added to increase fat metabolism and thyroid function. They also reduce cholesterol in the blood stream and have been shown to affect weight loss. Zhi Shi increases the thermogenic processes in the body with no negative side effects, resulting in safe weight loss through burning fat more rapidly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5 HTP, a derivative of the amino acid tryptophan, works to relieve mild to moderate depression and insomnia, as well as suppressing the appetite and reducing the sensation of pain. This is done through increased levels of serotonin produced by 5 HTP. Mood-enhancing ingredients such as these should be used cautiously, especially for those who are taking prescriptions for depression or other mood disorders. Calcium has recently been studied in terms of weight loss, and it has become a more and more common ingredient in weight loss supplements. Calcium helps reduce blood pressure as well as reducing the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke. This ingredient also has been suggested as an aid to help fight obesity in children and adults.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Magnesium and Chromium both play roles in the conversion of carbohydrates, protein and fat into energy, and Chromium also has a positive effect on blood sugar levels. However, neither of these are usually considered primary active ingredients, but more of just “helpers” in supplements. Mucuna Pruriens is a traditional Ayurvedic herb that contains the chemical precursor to dopamine, helping to elevate mood while keeping the body alert. This ingredient also signals the body to burn fat while it helps control appetite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Coleus Forskohlii is included for its ability to decrease blood pressure and release fatty acids from the body in a process similar to that of Ephedra, but without the jittery side effects. The site makes many plugs for ForsLean, a patented and award-winning version of Coleus Forskohlii, but CortiDiet™ does not actually contain the patented ingredient—it seems to be a way of building confidence in the product without spending the money to get the ingredient that carries that confidence. The final ingredient in CortiDiet™ is Vanadium, an important ingredient for glycemic control, keeping blood sugar levels at the proper place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CortiDiet™ should be taken twice each day, once before breakfast and once before dinner. CortiDiet™ does not make fanatical claims for its product, but instead requires that those using the supplement also keep a sensible diet and an adequate exercise program in order to feel the effects of this product. If used in tandem with another product, CarboBurn XR™, the effects may go up by as much as 400%. There are no reported side effects for this product, but with its mood-elevating ingredients, consumers should talk to their doctors before beginning this product.  &lt;br /&gt; Cost &lt;br /&gt;A single bottle of CortiDiet™ normally retails for $49.99, but through Doctorswellnesscenter.com, the source of the information for this review, a single bottle is on sale for $39.99. A 10% discount is given when ordering two bottles, costing only $71.98 together. When three bottles are purchased, a fourth is included for free, leaving the price at $119.97—the “Consumer Best Buy” on the site. There are also combination offers for other products that help increase the results of CortiDiet™. Shipping through the site is $7.95 for orders under 1 pound and $10.95 for orders over 1 pound. Faster shipping methods are available, but they are considerably more expensive. CortiDiet offers a 30-day 100% satisfaction guarantee, although the terms of this guarantee are not specific. We assume that within 30 days of receiving the product, you may return it if you are not completely satisfied, but we are not sure if that includes partially used products or only unopened products.  &lt;br /&gt; Website In Focus &lt;br /&gt;Doctorswellnesscenter.com is the most complete source of information on CortiDiet, and we used the site as our basis for this review. The information on the site is easy to find and very helpful. All of the ingredients are presented and described, and shipping and pricing information is readily available. There are also customer testimonials and FAQs to assist in your decision to purchase the product. However, the website itself appears rather unprofessional. The entire site looks like it was done by a high school class, leaving much to be desired in terms of visual appeal. Even with the secure shopping and ample information, the site still does not appear as trustworthy as it should.  &lt;br /&gt; Positives &lt;br /&gt;Improves mood naturally.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the necessary information is readily available on the website. &lt;br /&gt; Negatives &lt;br /&gt;Their customers do not like them at all and have negative things to say about their experiences. Click here to read a popular Cortisol blog. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contains caffeine, a stimulant that could have negative side effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moderately expensive product.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Requires exercise and proper diet to be effective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Should be used in combination with other products in the product line to maximize effectiveness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Website is in serious need of visual updating.  &lt;br /&gt; Final Thoughts &lt;br /&gt;CortiDiet™’s sensible approach to weight loss is refreshing—there are no big promises, no incredible claims, and no secrets about the fact that proper diet and exercise are essential to healthy weight loss. However, this does mean that someone who is looking to lose weight must change their entire lifestyle in order to see moderate results. The other choice is to include even more moderately expensive products to make CortiDiet™ work more effectively. The ingredients include a couple mild hunger suppressants, but none that have been proven to be truly effective. And while there are thermogenic agents in this product, the product has too many stipulations to be effective. Less expensive and more effective options are available for both general weight loss and stress-targeted weight loss, leaving CortiDiet™ behind several other competitors in the diet market. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many people looking to lose weight should consider finding a healthy eating plan that they like and can live with long term. You should also exercise each day by doing an activity that is fun and enjoyable. Water is extremely important too, and dieters need a lot of it to stay hydrated and to keep their bodies free of toxins. Finally, try the addition of a supplement specifically designed to help with weight loss. Be sure that the product you choose includes the two key elements all effective diet products need; a fat-burner to rid the body of excess weight on the arms, hips, belly, thighs and buttocks, and an appetite suppressant to help control caloric intake and keep cravings at bay. Many good intentions are ruined by cravings that take us over and sabotage our dieting efforts. If you combine all these elements, along with patience and diligence, you will see the pounds come off.  &lt;br /&gt;Our Reader's Poll Choice: &lt;br /&gt;Week of: Tue Dec 30th, 2008 &lt;br /&gt;Nuphedrine® - is one of the most cutting edge non-prescription weight loss pills ever made. What is so impressive about this pill is that the makers can honestly say that you WILL burn at least 500 more calories per day just by taking NuPhedrine®…and the product contains the clinically proven ingredients to back it up. From Our findings, NuPhedrine® is the only product available, which combines Real South African Hoodia in 20X strength, Patented Advantra-Z® and Slimaluma -- The three most clinically proven weight loss ingredients available. The customer B&amp;A pictures alone make you want to purchase NuPhedrine® and have it sent overnight. We recommend checking these pictures out. With a 60-Day Money Back Guarantee, how can you go wrong in trying it&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-3114067355478364036?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/3114067355478364036/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=3114067355478364036' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3114067355478364036'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3114067355478364036'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/cortisol.html' title='Cortisol'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-8875725054937690633</id><published>2009-01-01T09:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T10:00:18.029-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Psychological Stress and Cancer: Questions and Answers</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Psychological Stress and Cancer: Questions and Answers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Points&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psychological stress affects the body in many ways (see &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#q2"&gt;Question 2&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;A direct relationship between psychological stress and the development of &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','cancer'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=c#cancer"&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt; has not been scientifically proven (see &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#q3"&gt;Question 3&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers have suggested that psychological factors may affect cancer &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','progression'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=p#progression"&gt;progression&lt;/a&gt; (increase in &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','tumor'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=t#tumor"&gt;tumor&lt;/a&gt; size or spread of cancer in the body) in patients who have the disease (see &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#q5"&gt;Question 5&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction&lt;br /&gt;The complex relationship between physical and psychological health is not well understood. Scientists know that psychological stress can affect the immune system, the body’s defense against infection and disease (including cancer); however, it is not yet known whether stress increases a person’s susceptibility to disease (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="q1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;What is psychological stress?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psychological stress refers to the emotional and physiological reactions experienced when an individual confronts a situation in which the demands go beyond their coping resources. Examples of stressful situations are marital problems, death of a loved one, abuse, health problems, and financial crises (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r2"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="q2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;How does stress affect the body?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The body responds to stress by releasing stress &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','hormone'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=h#hormone"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;hormones&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, such as &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','epinephrine'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=e#epinephrine"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;epinephrine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (also called adrenaline) and cortisol (also called &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','hydrocortisone'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=h#hydrocortisone"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;hydrocortisone&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;). The body produces these stress hormones to help a person react to a situation with more speed and strength. Stress hormones increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels. Small amounts of stress are believed to be beneficial, but chronic (persisting or progressing over a long period of time) high levels of stress are thought to be harmful (&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r1"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stress that is chronic can increase the risk of &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','obese'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=o#obese"&gt;obesity&lt;/a&gt;, heart disease, &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','depression'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=d#depression"&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;, and various other illnesses. Stress also can lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as overeating, smoking, or abusing &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','drug'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=d#drug"&gt;drugs&lt;/a&gt; or alcohol, that may affect cancer risk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="q3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Can stress increase a person’s risk of developing cancer?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Studies done over the past 30 years that examined the relationship between psychological factors, including stress, and cancer risk have produced conflicting results. Although the results of some studies have indicated a link between various psychological factors and an increased risk of developing cancer, a direct cause-and-effect relationship has not been proven (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r4"&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;Some studies have indicated an indirect relationship between stress and certain types of &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','virus'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=v#virus"&gt;virus&lt;/a&gt;-related tumors. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that chronic stress weakens a person’s &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','immune system'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=i#immune"&gt;immune system&lt;/a&gt;, which in turn may affect the &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','incidence'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=i#incidence"&gt;incidence&lt;/a&gt; of virus-associated cancers, such as Kaposi &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','sarcoma'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=s#sarcoma"&gt;sarcoma&lt;/a&gt; and some &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','lymphoma'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=l#lymphoma"&gt;lymphomas&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r5"&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;More recent research with &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','animal model'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=a#animal"&gt;animal models&lt;/a&gt; (animals with a disease that is similar to or the same as a disease in humans) suggests that the body’s &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','neuroendocrine'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=n#neuroendocrine"&gt;neuroendocrine&lt;/a&gt; response (release of hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system) can directly alter important processes in &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','cell'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=c#cell"&gt;cells&lt;/a&gt; that help protect against the formation of cancer, such as &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','DNA'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=D#DNA"&gt;DNA&lt;/a&gt; repair and the regulation of cell growth (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r6"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="q4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Why are the study results inconsistent?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is difficult to separate stress from other physical or emotional factors when examining cancer risk (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r4"&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;). For example, certain behaviors, such as smoking and using alcohol, and &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','biological'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=b#biological"&gt;biological&lt;/a&gt; factors, such as growing older, becoming &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','overweight'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=o#overweight"&gt;overweight&lt;/a&gt;, and having a family history of cancer, are common &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','risk factor'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=r#risk"&gt;risk factors&lt;/a&gt; for cancer. Researchers may have difficulty controlling the presence of these factors in the study group or separating the effects of stress from the effects of these other factors (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;). In some cases, the number of people in the study, length of &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','follow-up'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=f#follow-up"&gt;follow-up&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','analysis'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=a#analysis"&gt;analysis&lt;/a&gt; used is insufficient to rule out the role of chance (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r4"&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;). Also, studies may not always take into account that cancer is not a homogeneous (uniform in nature) disease.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="q5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;How does stress affect people who have cancer?&lt;br /&gt;Studies have indicated that stress can affect tumor growth and spread, but the precise biological mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. Scientists have suggested that the effects of stress on the immune system may in turn affect the growth of some tumors (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r7"&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;). However, recent research using animal models indicates that the body’s release of stress hormones can affect cancer cell functions directly (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r8"&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;A review of studies that evaluated psychological factors and outcome in cancer patients suggests an association between certain psychological factors, such as feeling helpless or suppressing negative emotions, and the growth or spread of cancer, although this relationship was not consistently seen in all studies (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;). In general, stronger relationships have been found between psychological factors and cancer growth and spread than between psychological factors and cancer development (&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#r6"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="q6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Where can a person find more information about psychological stress?&lt;br /&gt;Additional information about stress can be found on the National Institute of Mental Health’s (NIMH) Web site at &lt;a href="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/"&gt;http://www.nimh.nih.gov&lt;/a&gt; on the Internet. The NIMH, a part of the &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','National Institutes of Health'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=N#National"&gt;National Institutes of Health&lt;/a&gt;, provides national leadership in the study of mental and behavioral &lt;a class="definition" onclick="javascript:popWindow('definition','disorder'); return false;" href="http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=d#disorder"&gt;disorders&lt;/a&gt;, including the causes and effects of psychological stress.&lt;br /&gt;The National Women’s Health Information Center (NWHIC), a service of the Office on Women’s Health, provides information on stress and health on its Web site at &lt;a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/"&gt;http://www.womenshealth.gov&lt;/a&gt; on the Internet. In particular, the fact sheet Stress and Your Health provides answers to frequently asked questions about causes of stress, how women react to stress, and ways to handle stress. This resource is available at &lt;a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/stress.htm"&gt;http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/stress.htm&lt;/a&gt; on the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;Selected References&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r1" name="r1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Segerstrom S, Miller G. Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin 2004; 130(4): 601–630.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r2" name="r2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Venes D, Thomas C, editors. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. 19th ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company, 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r3" name="r3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Garssen B. Psychological factors and cancer development: Evidence after 30 years of research. Clinical Psychology Review 2004; 24(3):315–338.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r4" name="r4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Dalton SO, Boesen EH, Ross L, Schapiro IR, Johansen C. Mind and cancer: Do psychological factors cause cancer? European Journal of Cancer 2002; 38(10): 1313–1323.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r5" name="r5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Reiche EM, Nunes SO, Morimoto HK. Stress, depression, the immune system, and cancer. The Lancet Oncology 2004; 5(10):617–625.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r6" name="r6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, et al. The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumour biology: Pathways and mechanisms. Nature Reviews Cancer 2006; 6(3):240–248.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r7" name="r7"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Andersen BL, Farrar WB, Golden-Kreutz D, et al. Stress and immune responses after surgical treatment for regional breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998; 90(1):30–36.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="r8" name="r8"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Thaker PH, Han LY, Kamat AA, et al. Chronic stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma. Nature Medicine 2006; 12(8):939–944.&lt;br /&gt;# # #&lt;br /&gt;Related NCI materials and Web pages:&lt;br /&gt;National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet 10.3, &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/stress"&gt;Quitting Tobacco: Handling Stress ... Without Smoking &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#footnote1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/stress"&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/stress&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem"&gt;Understanding Cancer Series: The Immune System&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#footnote2"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem"&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/overview"&gt;What You Need To Know About™ Cancer&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/stress/print?page=&amp;amp;keyword=#footnote3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/overview"&gt;http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/overview&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;For more help, contact:&lt;br /&gt;NCI's Cancer Information Service Telephone (toll-free): 1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) TTY (toll-free): 1–800–332–8615 LiveHelp® online chat: &lt;a href="https://cissecure.nci.nih.gov/livehelp/welcome.asp"&gt;https://cissecure.nci.nih.gov/livehelp/welcome.asp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="Glossary Terms"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Glossary Termsanalysis&lt;br /&gt;A process in which anything complex is separated into simple or less complex parts. animal model&lt;br /&gt;An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans. Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and to test new treatments before they are given to humans. Animals with transplanted human cancers or other tissues are called xenograft models. biological&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pertaining to biology or to life and living things. In medicine, refers to a substance made from a living organism or its products. Biologicals may be used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve of symptoms of a disease. For example, antibodies, interleukins, and vaccines are biologicals. Biological also refers to parents and children who are related by blood. cancer (KAN-ser)&lt;br /&gt;A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. cell (sel)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. depression&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A mental condition marked by ongoing feelings of sadness, despair, loss of energy, and difficulty dealing with normal daily life. Other symptoms of depression include feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, loss of pleasure in activities, changes in eating or sleeping habits, and thoughts of death or suicide. Depression can affect anyone, and can be successfully treated. Depression affects 15-25% of cancer patients. disorder (dis-OR-der)&lt;br /&gt;In medicine, a disturbance of normal functioning of the mind or body. Disorders may be caused by genetic factors, disease, or trauma. DNA&lt;br /&gt;The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next. Also called deoxyribonucleic acid. drug&lt;br /&gt;Any substance, other than food, that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition. Also refers to a substance that alters mood or body function, or that can be habit-forming or addictive, especially a narcotic. epinephrine&lt;br /&gt;A hormone and neurotransmitter. Also called adrenaline. follow-up&lt;br /&gt;Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment. This includes keeping track of the health of people who participate in a clinical study or clinical trial for a period of time, both during the study and after the study ends. hormone (HOR-mone)&lt;br /&gt;One of many chemicals made by glands in the body. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Some hormones can also be made in the laboratory. hydrocortisone&lt;br /&gt;A drug used to relieve the symptoms of certain hormone shortages and to suppress an immune response. immune system (ih-MYOON SIS-tem)&lt;br /&gt;The complex group of organs and cells that defends the body against infections and other diseases. incidence&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed each year. lymphoma (lim-FOH-muh) Cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. There are two basic categories of lymphomas. One kind is Hodgkin lymphoma, which is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The other category is non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which includes a large, diverse group of cancers of immune system cells. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be further divided into cancers that have an indolent (slow-growing) course and those that have an aggressive (fast-growing) course. These subtypes behave and respond to treatment differently. Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in children and adults, and prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and the type of cancer. National Institutes of Health&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A federal agency in the U.S. that conducts biomedical research in its own laboratories; supports the research of non-Federal scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad; helps in the training of research investigators; and fosters communication of medical information. Access the National Institutes of Health Web site at &lt;a href="http://www.nih.gov/" target="new"&gt;http://www.nih.gov&lt;/a&gt;. Also called NIH. neuroendocrine (NOOR-oh-EN-doh-krin)&lt;br /&gt;Having to do with the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Neuroendocrine describes certain cells that release hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system. obese&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. overweight&lt;br /&gt;Being too heavy for one’s height. Excess body weight can come from fat, muscle, bone, and/or water retention. Being overweight does not always mean being obese. progression (proh-GREH-shun)&lt;br /&gt;In medicine, the course of a disease, such as cancer, as it becomes worse or spreads in the body. risk factor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Something that may increase the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer include age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, certain eating habits, obesity, lack of exercise, exposure to radiation or other cancer-causing agents, and certain genetic changes. sarcoma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A cancer of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. tumor (TOO-mer)&lt;br /&gt;An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous). Also called neoplasm. virus (VY-rus)&lt;br /&gt;In medicine, a very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease. Because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells, they are not considered to be alive. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="Table of Links"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table of Links&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="footnote1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;1.http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/stress&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="footnote2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;2 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="footnote3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;3 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/overview&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-8875725054937690633?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/8875725054937690633/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=8875725054937690633' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/8875725054937690633'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/8875725054937690633'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/psychological-stress-and-cancer.html' title='Psychological Stress and Cancer: Questions and Answers'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-6406228290460175285</id><published>2009-01-01T09:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T09:54:45.005-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Stress And Fear Can Affect Cancer's Recurrence</title><content type='html'>Web address:     http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/     080227142656.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Stress And Fear Can Affect Cancer's Recurrence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ScienceDaily (Feb. 29, 2008) — A scientist shows that mind may indeed affect matter. After the surgical removal of a malignant tumor, the chance that cancer will re-appear in a different location of the body remains high. But new research from Tel Aviv University, in a bold new field called Psychoneuroimmunology, may prevent those cancer cells from taking root again -- and the key to the treatment is stress reduction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new study led by Prof. Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu, from Tel Aviv University's Department of Psychology, has shown scientifically that psychological and physiological stress prior to, during and after surgery has a biological impact that impairs immune system functioning. This impairment bears down on disease progression, he says, especially at the critical point during oncological surgery when a primary tumor is being removed.&lt;br /&gt;The results are expected to influence cancer intervention programs in the future.&lt;br /&gt;Effects of Fear&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"The psychological stressors of surgery deal a blow to the immune system, but this is hardly discussed in the medical community&lt;/strong&gt;," says Prof. Ben-Eliyahu. "Ours is among the first studies to show that psychological fear may be no less important than real physiological tissue damage in suppressing immune competence."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The surprising part of Prof. Ben-Eliyahu's studies is that stress hormones such as adrenaline, which are released before and during surgery, "underlie much of the devastating effects of surgery on immune competence," says Prof. Ben-Eliyahu.&lt;br /&gt;Until now, doctors assumed that the immune system was weakened due to tissue damage and the body's responses to it. A weak immune system is one of the major factors that promotes cancer metastases after an operation, explains Prof. Ben-Eliyahu.&lt;br /&gt;"Timing is everything after cancer surgery," says Prof. Ben-Eliyahu. "There is a short window of opportunity, about a week after surgery, when the immune system needs to be functioning maximally in order kill the tiny remaining bits of tumor tissue that are scattered around the body."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An Early Boost&lt;br /&gt;The main stress hormones that appear to have an impact on immune competence are released before and during surgery, Prof. Ben-Eliyahu has found. He is currently developing a novel intervention program, based on existing generic drugs, to block the influence of these hormones.&lt;br /&gt;Pre-clinical studies in a 2005 study also published in Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity reveal that by blocking these stress hormones, cancer metastases in animal models could be reduced. In a recent study (in progress), Prof. Ben-Eliyahu also found that by blocking these hormones, he could increase long-term post-operative survival rates from cancer in animal models, by as much as 200-300 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prof. Ben-Eliyahu and his students are now also trying to integrate stimulation of the immune system just before surgery and prevent its suppression. This may provide the immune system with an opportunity to eradicate cancer residuals after the surgical removal of the primary tumor, and before these residuals are re-established and become resistant to immunity, he says.&lt;br /&gt;Prof. Ben-Eliyahu concludes, "By boosting the immune system and blocking its suppression by psychological and physiological stress, starting a day or two before surgery, during surgery and after surgery, we may be able to provide an intervention program that can extend people's lives and potentially increase their chances for long-term survival."&lt;br /&gt;He plans on starting clinical trials within the next year or two.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prof. Ben-Eliyahu is one of about 200 other scientists working in the novel and emerging field of Psychoneuroimmunology. It is an interdisciplinary study of the interaction between the psychological processes of the brain, and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. In this field, Prof. Ben-Eliyahu collaborates regularly with Prof. Gayle Page from the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and other scientists from the United States and Israel. His work is supported by the U.S. National Institute of Health. In May, he plans on attending the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society conference in Madison, Wisconsin.&lt;br /&gt;The study was published in the journal Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity (2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-6406228290460175285?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/6406228290460175285/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=6406228290460175285' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/6406228290460175285'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/6406228290460175285'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/stress-and-fear-can-affect-cancers.html' title='Stress And Fear Can Affect Cancer&apos;s Recurrence'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-3121758907599777980</id><published>2009-01-01T08:39:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-01T09:29:56.992-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Broadcasting with FGBMFI PURI BANK AND PLUIT JUNCTION CHAPTER IN RADIO CAKRAWALA 98,3 FM JAKARTA</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SVzz1b5d1jI/AAAAAAAAAHk/89rXRu6ArHo/s1600-h/samuel.jpg"&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SVzz1b5d1jI/AAAAAAAAAHk/89rXRu6ArHo/s320/samuel.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5286368161973524018" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada tanggal 30 Desember 2008, hari selasa jam 9 malam.&lt;br /&gt;Kami dari Tim Full Gospel Businessmen Fellowship International ( FGMBFI) Puri bank and Property Chapter dan FGMBFI Pluit Junction mengadakan Talk show di Radio Cakrawala Mandarin Station 98,3 FM Jakarta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tema: Menghadapi Tahun 2009 dengan sikap sebagai pemenang.&lt;br /&gt;Para perserta terdiri dari&lt;br /&gt;Awi ,Field Rep FGMBFI&lt;br /&gt;Samuel David Immanuel, President chapter FGMBFI Puri bank and Property Chapter&lt;br /&gt;Alfred, President chapter FGMBFI Pluit Junction Chapter&lt;br /&gt;Farianto, member FGMBI Puri bank and Property Chapter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Talk show dipandu oleh Bapak Awi.&lt;br /&gt;Lagu pertama adalah Janji Mu seperti Fajar pagi hari.&lt;br /&gt;Lagu kedua Sentuh Hatiku.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ayat Alkitab&lt;br /&gt;Jawab Yesus kepadanya: "Kasihilah Tuhan, Allahmu, dengan segenap hatimu dan dengan segenap jiwamu dan dengan segenap akal budimu. Itulah hukum yang terutama dan yang pertama. Dan hukum yang kedua, yang sama dengan itu, ialah: Kasihilah sesamamu manusia seperti dirimu sendiri. Pada kedua hukum inilah tergantung seluruh hukum Taurat dan kitab para nabi."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hal mengumpulkan harta (Matius 6:19-24)&lt;br /&gt;Jangan mengumpulkan harta di bumi, "Tetapi kumpulkanlah bagimu harta di sorga. ... Karena di mana hartamu berada, di situ juga hatimu berada." (6:20-21)&lt;br /&gt;Orang tidak dapat mengabdi kepada Allah dan kepada Mamon (dewa kekayaan - yang dilambangkan dengan cinta akan uang)&lt;br /&gt;Hal kekuatiran (Matius 6:25-34)&lt;br /&gt;Jangan kuatir akan hidupmu, makanan atau minuman atau pakaian, karena hidup itu lebih penting dari pada semuanya, "Tetapi carilah dahulu Kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya, maka semuanya itu akan ditambahkan kepadamu" (6:33)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Memasuki Tahun 2009. Bagi dunia Tahun 2009 adalah masa krisis tapi bagi anak Tuhan Tahun 2009 adalah Tahun kebangkitan dari kegagalan.&lt;br /&gt;Taruh angka nol anda ( segala kegagalan, ketakutan, kecewa, utang,masalah ) anda dalam tangan Tuhan.Taruh Tuhan didepan angka Nol anda. Maka akan didapatkan angka 10 yaitu angka sempurna atau Kemenangan didalam Tuhan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segala ketidakmampuan kita akan menjadi mujizat ketika kita Tuhan no 1 dalam prioritas hidup kita. Kita harus punya mental prajurit yang siap berperang bagi kebenaran dan keadilan sesuai Firman Tuhan. Seorang prajurit atau Mental Jenderal tidak mengeluh tentang masalahnya. Mentalnya tidak mudah putus asa dan kuatir akan hidupnya .Fokus hidupnya adalah tampil sebagai pemenang terhadap masalahnya dan andalkan Tuhan dalam rencana hidupnya.Maka Berkat dan kesehatan akan mengikutinya.&lt;br /&gt;Mental Seorang Jenderal tidak mudah mengeluh. Kita harus menyingkirkan mental seorang pengamen. Ketika kita diberkati Tuhan kita memuji Tuhan, Ketika berkat belum diberikan kita mengerutu atau bersungut-sungut. Mental pengamen selalu bernyanyi memuji Tuhan atau melayani Tuhan. Yang menjadi fokus akhirnya adalah berkat Jasmani. Jika tidak diberikan akan ngambek.Tetapi Mental Jenderal siap mati buat Tuhan. Diberkati atau tidak diberkati tetap maju bagi Kerajaan Allajh. PAda akhir zaman ini , Tuhan hanya bisa memakai orang yang punya mental prajurit. Setia pada Komandannya yaitu Tuhan Yesus.Hanya ada satu kata Siap dan taat pada Firman Tuhan. No return point. No regrets, no surrender.&lt;br /&gt;We are the champion and Hero for Kingdom of GOD.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mencintai sesama seperti diri sendiri, Tahun 2009.&lt;br /&gt;Kita harus membuang segala sakit hati, dendan, kepahitan terhadap orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Hati yang gembira adalah obat. Joy of the Lord is our strenght.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Emosi adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk keadaan mental dan fisiologis yang berhubungan dengan beragam perasaan, pikiran, dan perilaku. Emosi adalah pengalaman yang bersifat subjektif, atau dialami berdasarkan sudut pandang individu. Emosi berhubungan dengan konsep psikologi lain seperti suasana hati, temperamen, kepribadian, dan disposisi.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata "emosi" diturunkan dari kata bahasa Perancis, émotion, dari émouvoir, 'kegembiraan' dari bahasa Latin emovere, dari e- (varian eks-) 'luar' dan movere 'bergerak'. "Motivasi" juga diturunkan dari movere.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Segala stress atau emosi negatif ( dendam,marah, kepahitan, tidak mau mengampuni ) akan menjadi sumber penyakit stroke, Jantung,darah tinggi dan kanker. Terdapat hubungan antara Tubuh dan jiwa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stress, Kemarahan , Ketakutan, Kecemasan dan Depresi-&lt;br /&gt;Emosi-Emosi Negatif apa pun dapat menjadi sebuah bom waktu.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Emosi-emosi yang merusak memiliki pengaruh-pengaruh beracun terhadap tubuh dan mengakibatkan sejumlah penyakit serius-tekanan darah tinggi, arthritis, sclerosis ganda, masalah buang air besar, dan bahkan beberapa jenis kanker. Kebenarannya adalah bahwa Anda bisa memangkas harapan hidup Anda dan merampas kesehatan yang Anda usahakan dengan keras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam buku Emosi yang Mematikan, Dr. Don Colbert menjelaskan perasaan-perasaan yang berpotensi merusak itu- apa saja bentuknya, darimana asalnya, dan bagaimana semua itu mewujudkan dirinya. Anda tak perlu hidup atas belas kasihan emosi-emosi Anda. Berfokus pada empat wilayah mendasar dari kesejahteraan emosi-kebenaran, pengampunan, sukacita, dan damai- Dr.Colbert menunjukkan kepada Anda bagaimana bangkit mengatasi emosi-emosi yang mematikan dan menemukan kesehatan yang sejati-bagi tubuh, pikiran dan roh Anda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kuasa pengampunan dari ajaran Tuhan Yesus sangat dasyat. Bukan hanya menyembuhan luka batin tetapi segala penyakit berat. Karena hati yang gembira adalah obat.&lt;br /&gt;Hati yang luka adalah sumber stress dan penyakit&lt;br /&gt;bagian besar penyakit memang karena gaya hidup dan pola makan yang tidak benar. Tapi tahukah Anda? Bahwa beberapa penyakit ternyata berkaitan erat dengan kondisi emosi Anda yang tidak stabil, pikiran yang selalu negatif serta kepribadian buruk?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seseorang yang memiliki karakter pembosan 'berat' biasanya mudah terserang penyakit sakit kepala, arthritis, asma, dan jantung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada keterkaitan antara kebosanan dan sakit kepala yang Anda alami.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sekarang tanyakan pada diri Anda sendiri, apakah hari-hari Anda selama ini terlihat monoton dan Anda hanya melakukan aktifitas yang itu-itu saja setiap hari?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika ya, kemungkinan Anda akan mudah terserang penyakit arthritis, asma, atau penyakit jantung. Alasannya adalah rasa bosan pada diri Anda dapat melahirkan emosi negatif pada tubuh, sehingga dengan mudah meningkatkan stres dan memperlemah sistem kekebalan tubuh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tak hanya itu, kebosanan juga dapat mempengaruhi kebiasaan makan Anda. Apakah masih teringat bagaimana Anda menghabiskan begitu banyak cemilan manis atau asin saat menunggu seseorang?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seseorang yang pencemas dan suka panik berlebihan biasanya mudah mengalami gangguan lambung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penelitian yang dilakukan Douglas Drossman, seorang dosen kedokteran dari University of North Carolina menemukan fakta bahwa perempuan yang memiliki rasa cemas berlebihan pada hal-hal kecil sekalipun, akan dengan mudah terserang gangguan pada lambungnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seseorang yang memiliki sifat tidak sabaran dan emosional akan mudah terserang penyakit jantung dan stroke.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selain itu, jika Anda gampang gusar jika ada hal-hal kecil yang menganggu? Atau Anda gampang naik pitam saat seseorang membuat kesalahan di depan Anda?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika jawaban untuk semua pertanyaan di atas ya, maka berhati-hatilah. Rasa marah serta ketidaksabaran ternyata dapat mengaktifkan sistem kardiovaskuler secara terus menerus. Selanjutnya tekanan darah Anda akan cepat naik, kecepatan pernapasan akan meninggi, dan otot menjadi tegang. Akhirnya Anda terserang penyakit jantung dan stroke.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika Anda tidak percaya diri dan rendah diri berlebihan, maka Anda akan gampang sakit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Biasanya orang yang memiliki sikap mental seperti ini sering terlibat pada hubungan buruk. Baik itu dalam lingkungan pergaulan maupun dalam keluarga. Perasaan rendah diri menyebabkan proses penyembuhan untuk setiap penyakit pada dirinya akan terhambat, meski Anda hanya sekedar menderita sakit flu ringan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jadi mulai sekarang, tak ada salahnya Anda memperbaiki sifat buruk yang selama ini ada pada diri Anda&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-3121758907599777980?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/3121758907599777980/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=3121758907599777980' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3121758907599777980'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3121758907599777980'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2009/01/broadcasting-with-fgbmfi-puri-bank-and.html' title='Broadcasting with FGBMFI PURI BANK AND PLUIT JUNCTION CHAPTER IN RADIO CAKRAWALA 98,3 FM JAKARTA'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SVzz1b5d1jI/AAAAAAAAAHk/89rXRu6ArHo/s72-c/samuel.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2134424490175906062</id><published>2008-12-24T03:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-12-24T04:00:50.313-08:00</updated><title type='text'>‘Oakwood mutiny worse than Mumbai’</title><content type='html'>‘Oakwood mutiny worse than Mumbai’&lt;br /&gt;By Chito A. FuentesPhilippine Daily Inquirer&lt;br /&gt;Posted date: December 02, 2008&lt;br /&gt;TAGBILARAN CITY -- A former member of the Magdalo group, which was composed of junior officers tagged in destabilization plots against the Arroyo government, has said the Oakwood mutiny more than five years ago would have been worse than the Mumbai massacre had it succeeded.&lt;br /&gt;Former captain Alvin Ebreo made this observation during a dinner fellowship hosted by the Full Gospel Businessmen's Fellowship International (FGBMFI) Tagbilaran chapter where he gave his testimony of faith on Sunday.&lt;br /&gt;The FGBMFI Tagbilaran chapter invited Ebreo to share insights on his conversion while he was in prison at the event dubbed "Saving Captain Alvin."&lt;br /&gt;"Imagine that there were only about a dozen people involved in Mumbai," Ebreo said in Tagalog when he came to the part where he said he was grateful the Oakwood mutiny did not succeed.&lt;br /&gt;The Indian police said over 170 people died and more than 200 were wounded in the attacks in Mumbai. Militants believed linked with the international terrorist group Al Qaeda were accused of being behind the attacks.&lt;br /&gt;On July 27, 2003, more than 300 young officers and soldiers occupied the Oakwood Premiere Hotel in the country's financial district of Makati.&lt;br /&gt;The soldiers had claimed that the takeover was unplanned and that they just wanted to air their grievances against the government, citing graft and corruption in both the government and the military.&lt;br /&gt;"It would have been more chaotic and bloody if Oakwood was not nipped in the bud," Ebreo confessed.&lt;br /&gt;But during a Senate hearing on the Oakwood mutiny, Army Captain Gerardo Gambala, one of the mutiny leaders, said the mutiny was only a "protest to air the truth."&lt;br /&gt;The mutineers surrendered without firing a single shot and no lives were lost during the Makati standoff.&lt;br /&gt;However, the Feliciano Commission, created to look into the mutiny, maintained that the mutiny was not spontaneous as shown by the preparation of those involved such as the buying of uniforms and communications equipment, among others.&lt;br /&gt;"The Commission believes that the mutiny had been planned and was not spontaneous and that it was part of a larger plan to achieve political change by military force," it noted in its report.&lt;br /&gt;Ebreo, a former comptroller and disbursing officer of the Army's Special Forces, was among the disillusioned Philippine Military Academy (PMA) graduates who formed the core of the Magdalo faction.&lt;br /&gt;Former Navy lieutenant, senior grade, and now Senator Antonio Trillanes IV, one the mutiny leaders, and Ebreo were classmates in the PMA's batch 1995.&lt;br /&gt;Ebreo and eight others pleaded guilty to the crime of coup d'etat last March and were handed down prison sentences ranging from six to 12 years.&lt;br /&gt;After spending nearly five years in jail, Ebreo was granted pardon by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo last May 16.&lt;br /&gt;He and the six pardoned Magdalo officers now work for the Office of the Presidential Assistant on the Peace Process (OPAPP) headed by former Armed Forces chief of staff Hermogenes Esperon Jr.&lt;br /&gt;Ebreo now works as the senior action officer for the Visayas of the OPAPP's social integration program.&lt;br /&gt;In his testimony, Ebreo said he apologized to the President after his reflections on Romans 13: 1 where St. Paul exhorted the faithful to submit to governing authorities.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2134424490175906062?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2134424490175906062/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2134424490175906062' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2134424490175906062'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2134424490175906062'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/12/oakwood-mutiny-worse-than-mumbai.html' title='‘Oakwood mutiny worse than Mumbai’'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4661250996625360713</id><published>2008-12-01T10:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-12-01T11:07:45.621-08:00</updated><title type='text'>FGMBI Puri Banking and Property Chapter on air in Radio Cakrawala 98,3 FM</title><content type='html'>FGMBI Puri Banking and Property Chapter on air in Radio Cakrawala 98,3&lt;br /&gt;Date: December 2 ,2008.&lt;br /&gt;Time: 21:00 PM Nigh WIB&lt;br /&gt;Radio Mandarin 98,FM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kesaksian Bapak Soe Lie , Seorang Chines Medan yang berusia 50 Tahun lebih. Pendengar acara FGMBI setiap Selasa , Jam 9 malam di Radio Mandarin Cakrawala 98,3 FM JAkarta dan Rabu malam jam 7 di Radio Heartline 1006.FM&lt;br /&gt;Hidup merantau ke Jakarta.Mengalami kesuksesan karir.Tetapi karena bermain judi harta habis. Keluarga berantakan .Istri dan anak meninggalkannya dan menderita penyakit stroke dan darah tinggi,mata tidak bisa melihat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Disembuhkan Tuhan Yesus dan akhir bisa berkumpul dengan anaknya di Jakarta Barat.Tahun 2009 .Tuhan akan mengembalikan keluarga ini seutuhnya.&lt;br /&gt;Seorang yang putus asa menghadapi tekanan hidup dihari tua,Menemukan Kasih Tuhan Yesus dalam hidup.&lt;br /&gt;PAda tanggal 30 November 2008 dibaptiskan oleh Pdt.Lie A min di GPSI&lt;br /&gt;Kami tunggu partisipasi anda bersama FGMBI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Salam&lt;br /&gt;Samuel David Immanuel&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4661250996625360713?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4661250996625360713/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4661250996625360713' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4661250996625360713'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4661250996625360713'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/12/fgmbi-puri-banking-and-property-chapter.html' title='FGMBI Puri Banking and Property Chapter on air in Radio Cakrawala 98,3 FM'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-5189047517725832809</id><published>2008-11-27T09:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T09:01:34.449-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Forgive the hurts</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="bodyquoteauthor"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;"Forgiveness will never fail to free you."&lt;/span&gt;-- Jerrold Mundis &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;" class="bodycontent"&gt;How do we forgive when we’re angry and hurt? &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="bodycontent"&gt;As a first step, we can be willing to truly feel our anger  and hurt. Honouring our feelings by being fully present with them helps to  release the feelings themselves. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="bodycontent"&gt;And it helps to remember that people only hurt others when  they themselves are in pain. When we can recognize the other person’s suffering,  our heart can open in compassion. We can also remember that at some time or  another, we too have hurt someone through our own unskilful action. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="bodycontent"&gt;Only love can heal the rifts caused by a hurtful deed.  Forgiveness holds immense power because it mends separation. &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;It moves us towards  the unity and love that lie at the core of our being. It is a fundamental part  of the healing process. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" class="bodyquoteauthor"&gt;"Forgiveness does not change the past, but it does enlarge  the future."-- Paul Boese &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" class="bodyquoteauthor"&gt;"God has a big eraser."-- Billy Zeoli &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="bodycontent"&gt;The physical, emotional and mental realms are all effects!  Shift into working with cause by developing your higher mind, heart and  spirituality and then your lfe will significantly change for the better.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-5189047517725832809?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/5189047517725832809/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=5189047517725832809' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5189047517725832809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5189047517725832809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/forgive-hurts.html' title='Forgive the hurts'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-1640010945791643747</id><published>2008-11-27T07:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T08:00:05.658-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Immanuel - God with us</title><content type='html'>&lt;center style="font-family: georgia;"&gt;   &lt;table bordercolorlight="#B8BFD1" bordercolordark="#898BA9" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" width="85%" background="../../backgrounds/backgrounds/waterfall-watermark.jpg" border="3" bordercolor="#111111" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"&gt;     &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="100%" bg style="color:#ffffff;"&gt;         &lt;p class="TxBrp1" style="margin-top: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;           &lt;/o:p&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;         &lt;img src="http://www.crossroad.to/images/2002/cross-sun-sm.gif" width="150" align="left" border="0" height="122" /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;         &lt;/p&gt;         &lt;blockquote&gt;           &lt;blockquote&gt;             &lt;blockquote&gt;         &lt;p class="TxBrp1" style="margin-top: 0pt;" align="right"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff;"&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/1-contents.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000cc;"&gt;The Names of God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p class="TxBrp1" style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#800080;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#800080;"&gt;              &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#993333;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;  Immanuel -    God with us&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;/blockquote&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 11px;"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;"Behold, I am            with you and will keep you wherever you go.” Genesis 28:15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 11px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;"...﻿﻿ the Lord            Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and            bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel."            Isaiah 7:14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;Over 700 years            later&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 11px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;            “'Behold, the virgin shall be with child, and bear a Son, and they            shall call His name Immanuel,' which is translated, 'God with us.” Matthew 1:23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;center&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/extra/narule.gif" width="300" height="10" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;I remember well the first time God sent me            across the country to speak at a conference. I didn't want to go.             Shy and fearful in groups, I had no desire to stand before a roomful            of expectant faces and speak into a microphone. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"I can't," I argued. "Others are            far more qualified." But            He confirmed His call,  reminding me that He            would be with me and meet all my needs. "My grace is  sufficient            for you," He reassured me, "for My strength is made perfect in            weakness.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#465380;"&gt;2 Corinthians 12:9  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Months later, as  bright, billowy clouds drifted            by my airplane window, I silently prayed for courage and strength.             And once again, my nearest and dearest Friend spoke to me through His Word:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;blockquote&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;"Be strong and of good courage; do not be            afraid, nor be dismayed, for &lt;b&gt;the Lord your God is with you wherever            you go&lt;/b&gt;."  Joshua 1:9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;/blockquote&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;What could be more wonderful? Why fear when            the King of the universe is with me! Day by day, He is my ever-present            Shepherd, my Lord, my Master and my Friend!  Since I have "&lt;span style="color:#003366;"&gt;died            with Him&lt;/span&gt;" on the cross, I &lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;"shall also live with Him"&lt;/span&gt; for all eternity!    &lt;/span&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#465380;"&gt;Romans 6:8 &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Yet, the            blinded world around us continues to reject our Immanuel.  Now as            always, His presence in this sin-filled world is an offense and a "stumbling stone" to            those who refuse to follow Him. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;            &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;So when the long-awaited Savior was born into our world that starry            night long ago, most people "loved darkness rather than light."  They            wanted earthly freedom to do their own will, not heavenly freedom to            follow God.  Immanuel opened His arms to a troubled land, but            only a few chose to enter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-us"&gt;John&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-us"&gt; summarized both the tragedy            and the triumph&lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;: "He was in the              world, and the world was made through Him, and the world did not              know Him. ﻿He came to His own, and &lt;b&gt;His own              did not receive Him&lt;/b&gt;. ﻿But as many as received Him, to them He            gave&lt;b&gt; the right to become children of God&lt;/b&gt;, to those who believe in His              name: ﻿who were born, not of... the will of man, but of God."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;John              1:10-13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Many claim that special "right" though they were          never born of God. They          simply adapt His message to fit their beliefs.  "All people are His children," they say. "Jesus is with          everyone."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;But that's not true.  While our Lord          sees and hears everyone, His personal presence is reserved for those who          trust and follow Him. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Abraham did, so God brought          him into a special covenant relationship with Himself.  “&lt;span style="color:#003366;"&gt;I will establish My covenant between Me and you and            your descendants after you in their generations&lt;/span&gt;," He told ﻿Abraham,          "&lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;for an&lt;b&gt; everlasting covenant&lt;/b&gt;....”&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;          &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#465380;"&gt;Genesis            17:7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;As  years passed, Abraham's  descendants          turned their backs to Immanuel who had led them miraculously out of Egypt, across the Red Sea,          through the wilderness and into the promised land. They pursued "other          gods" in spite of His loving care for them.  Finally, He withdrew His protection          and allowed His beloved people to face the devastating consequences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;But God always had a remnant          of uncompromising believers whose hearts remained focused on His          promise: the glorious fulfillment of the covenant relationship.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The first part of that fulfillment came through Christ's          death and resurrection. We who are redeemed and "born of          God" have been "grafted into" Abraham's spiritual          lifeline.  All  who trust Jesus -- whether Jews, Africans, Arabs or          Americans -- live together with Him.  "For [we] are all one in Christ          Jesus.... heirs          according to the promise."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#465380;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Galatians 3:28-29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;But those who reject the triumph of the          cross have no part in His covenant.  For He said,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;blockquote&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;﻿"Do not be unequally yoked together with          unbelievers. For...  what part has a believer with an unbeliever?          And what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For you are the          temple of the living God. As God has said: '&lt;b&gt;I will dwell in them and walk among them&lt;/b&gt;.         &lt;b&gt;I will be their God, and they shall be My people&lt;/b&gt;.' ﻿ Therefore '&lt;b&gt;Come out from among them and          be separate&lt;/b&gt;....'"         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;2 Corinthians 6:14-18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/blockquote&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;That's a hard message.           Those who seek global unity and social solidarity have little tolerance          for such "separatism."  They are offended by heavenly          truths that          clash with their earthly goals -- as were the Pharisees who          sought to kill Jesus.  That's why Jesus continues to warn His people, "If they persecuted          Me, they will persecute you... For they do not know the God who sent me."    &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#cc0000;"&gt;John 15:2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#cc0000;"&gt;0-21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;While we still walk in this          fallen world, we will share His suffering even as we rejoice in His          presence.  And, like His people of old, we can take our stand on          His covenant promises and know with certainty that He will do all that          He has promised.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;blockquote&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;"For He Himself has said, '&lt;b&gt;I will never leave you nor forsake you&lt;/b&gt;.'            ﻿So we may boldly say: 'The Lord is my helper; I will not fear. What            can man do to me?'” &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Hebrews 13:5-6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/blockquote&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;On that cross-country flight          so many years ago, I was delighting in these covenant promises. Among          them was &lt;/span&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#465380;"&gt;Exodus 4:11-12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;,          “Now therefore, go, and I will be with your mouth and teach you what you          shall say.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;And He surely did. But I can't say          &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; did well by any human standard. Rather, I must          echo the wonderful words of Paul,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;blockquote&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;"I... did not come with excellence of          speech or of wisdom declaring to you the testimony of God.... I was with          you in weakness, in fear, and in much trembling. ﻿And my speech and my          preaching were not with persuasive words of human wisdom, but in          demonstration of the Spirit and of power, ﻿that your faith should not be          in the wisdom of men but in the power of God."  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;1    Corinthians 2:1-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/blockquote&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" align="left"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Isn't that what covenant relationship is all            about? His life in  us and His presence with us! Then we -- in our finite bodies --            may show forth the infinite love, power, faithfulness and triumphs of our            wonderful, heavenly Friend!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="line-height: 120%;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/extra/narule.gif" width="300" height="10" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;          &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;   &lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;His promise:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#64576f;"&gt;"When you            pass through the waters, &lt;b&gt;I will be with you&lt;/b&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;          And through the rivers, they shall not overflow you....&lt;br /&gt;          For I am the Lord your God, &lt;br /&gt;          The Holy One of Israel, your Savior." Isaiah 43:2-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;blockquote&gt;           &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:#465380;"&gt;Our            response:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:#465380;"&gt;           &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#004080;"&gt;"If God be            for us, who can be against us?&lt;br /&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#465380;"&gt;"...in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him who            loved us. ﻿For I am persuaded that neither death nor life,            nor angels nor principalities nor powers, nor things present nor            things to come, ﻿nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing,            shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ            Jesus our Lord."  Romans            8:31, 37-39 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 22px;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#004080;"&gt;Thank You,            precious Immanuel, our  faithful, ever-present Shepherd and King!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;/blockquote&gt;     &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 22px;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/extra/narule.gif" width="300" height="10" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:#004080;"&gt;References: &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/heaven/"&gt;Eternity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Genesis 17:7;             28:15;  Exodus 20:2-3;  Deuteronomy 31:6, 8;           Joshua 1:5; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;2 Samuel 7:8-9;  Psalm 27:9;           &lt;/span&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Isaiah 43:1-3, 5;  &lt;/span&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Jeremiah            32:38-41; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;            &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Ezekiel            36:25-27;  &lt;/span&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;Romans 6:4,              8:16-17;   1 Corinthians 6:15;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;            &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;2 Corinthians            3:3-6;  Ephesians 1:13-14;  Colossians 3:2-4; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;            &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" align="center"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#64576f;"&gt;1 Thessalonians            4:14-18,  5:10;  2 Timothy 2:11-12.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;      &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/extra/narule.gif" width="300" height="10" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p align="center"&gt;            &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#ff0000;"&gt;         &lt;i&gt;         &lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/text/beliefs.html"&gt;         What it means to be a Christian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;          &lt;/blockquote&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/center&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/index.html"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;    &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/1-contents.htm"&gt;His Names&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/text/articles/armorofgod.html"&gt;   Armor&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Persecution/persecute.html"&gt;   Persecution&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;b&gt; Email           this page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-1640010945791643747?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/1640010945791643747/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=1640010945791643747' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/1640010945791643747'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/1640010945791643747'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/immanuel-god-with-us.html' title='Immanuel - God with us'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-6817791951877305990</id><published>2008-11-27T07:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T07:56:48.082-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Names of God</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;font-size:100%;" &gt; &lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"&gt;The Names of God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);"&gt;   "The Name of the Lord is a strong tower. The righteous runs into it and is   safe."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 51);"&gt;   Proverbs 18:10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;center style="font-family: georgia;"&gt;     &lt;table style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" id="table1" bordercolorlight="#B8C5C9" bordercolordark="#666699" width="77%" background="../../backgrounds/yellow/light-variation.gif" border="1" cellspacing="1"&gt;       &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/Jesus.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;Jesus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/savior.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         My Savior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/almighty.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;El Shaddai, The Almighty God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/lord.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Lord&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/holy.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;The Holy One&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/father.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Father&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" &gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/consuming-fire.htm"&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         Consuming Fire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/king.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My          King&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/way.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;The Way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);font-size:130%;" &gt; (1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/life.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Life&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);font-size:130%;" &gt; (3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);font-size:130%;" &gt;         &lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/truth.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;The Truth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);font-size:130%;" &gt; (2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/hope.htm"&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Hope&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/lamb.html"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;The          Lamb of God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style=""&gt;          &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/bridegroom.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Bridegroom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);font-size:130%;" &gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/judge.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;The Judge of All&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;         &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style=""&gt;          &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/hiding-place.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Hiding Place&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/fountain.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;Fountain of Living Water&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/tower.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         My High          Tower&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/immanuel.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;Immanuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/keeper.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         My Keeper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/vine.htm"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;The Vine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 5px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/friend.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;         My Friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="51%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/shepherd.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Shepherd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);font-size:130%;" &gt;(personal    testimony)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" width="48%" align="center" bg&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/names/song.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"&gt;My Song&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;     &lt;/center&gt;   &lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: georgia;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 111%; margin-top: 22px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(48, 76, 162);"&gt;W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;hen we speak     &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(48, 76, 162);"&gt;&lt;b&gt;in His Name&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, we represent our Lord and King. We speak   for Him. As a wife is authorized to write checks on her husband's   account, so we draw on the resources of God by speaking or acting   in His Name.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 111%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;We can't take this privilege lightly. He "has qualified   us to share in the inheritance of the saints in light" through   identification with Jesus Christ in His death and resurrection   life. But only when we, who are "born of the Spirit",   choose to "walk in the Spirit", are we truly authorized   in the power of the Spirit to draw resources from the heavenly   account.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 111%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;His names not only tell us who God is, they also in reminds   us who we are in Him. Since He is our Shepherd, we are His sheep.   Since He is our wonderful Father, we are His precious sons and   daughters. Since He is our mighty King, we are His protected   and privileged subjects. Since He is the whole Vine, we are branches   filled with His very life. And since He is our Bridegroom, we   are His beloved bride and may delight in Him forever.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 111%; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;By our union with Jesus Christ at the cross, He lives His   life in us and shares with us His character as well as His Name.   No matter what happens in the world, our lives our bound to Him   in an eternal love relationship. Knowing His names will open   the door of our hearts to all that He longs to give us in Himself.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-6817791951877305990?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/6817791951877305990/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=6817791951877305990' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/6817791951877305990'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/6817791951877305990'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/names-of-god.html' title='The Names of God'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2205982624326861923</id><published>2008-11-27T07:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T07:52:56.893-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Armor of God</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: 400;font-size:100%;" &gt;    &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;The   Armor of God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;hr face="times new roman" style="height: 3px; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; font-family: times new roman;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left; font-family: times new roman;"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 122%;font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;God's will for us&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 122%;font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"&lt;b&gt;Be strong in the Lord&lt;/b&gt; and in the power of His might.   &lt;b&gt;Put on the     whole armor of God&lt;/b&gt;, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the     devil. &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;b&gt;For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against     principalities&lt;/b&gt;, against &lt;b&gt;powers&lt;/b&gt;, against the &lt;b&gt;rulers of the darkness of this     age&lt;/b&gt;, against &lt;b&gt;spiritual hosts of wickedness&lt;/b&gt; in the heavenly places.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 122%;font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"Therefore take up the whole armor of God, that you may be able to        &lt;b&gt;withstand &lt;/b&gt;in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. Stand therefore,       having girded your waist with truth, having put on the breastplate of       righteousness, and having shod your feet with the preparation of the       gospel of peace; above all, taking the shield of faith with which you will       be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;   &lt;blockquote  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:arial;"&gt;     &lt;blockquote&gt;                   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which       is the word of God; praying always with all prayer and supplication in the       Spirit, being watchful to this end with all perseverance and supplication       for all the saints...." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;Ephesians       6:10-18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/blockquote&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;  &lt;blockquote  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:arial;"&gt;   &lt;hr style="height: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;"&gt;   &lt;p style="margin-top: 22px;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 51);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;a name="anchor465355"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;What    is the Armor of God?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;God's armor brings victory because it is far more than a protective   covering. It is the very life of Jesus Christ Himself. "[P]ut on the   armor of light," wrote Paul in his letter to the Romans, "...clothe   yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ." (Romans 13:12-14) When you do, He   becomes your &lt;i&gt;hiding place&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;shelter&lt;/i&gt; in the storm--just as He   was to David. Hidden in Him, you can count on His victory, for He not only   covers you as a shield, He also fills you with His life.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;blockquote&gt;   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;"I am the vine; you are the branches," said Jesus. "If a man   abides in Me and I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from   me you can do nothing." (John 15:5)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Since living in the safety of the armor means oneness with Jesus, we can   expect to share His struggles as well as His peace. Remember, God has promised   us victory in the midst of trials, not immunity from pain. So &lt;b&gt; "do not be   surprised at the painful trial you are suffering, as though something strange   were happening to you, but rejoice that you participate in the sufferings of   Christ..."&lt;/b&gt; (1 Peter 4:12-13) Christian heroes who have been tortured for   their faith continue to testify to the supernatural strength--even joy--that   enables them to endure unthinkable pain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;They affirm with Paul -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;"that in all these things we are more than conquerors through him     who loved us.... For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither     angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers....     will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our     Lord." (Romans 8:37-39)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This wonderful truth has become reality to all who believe and follow   Jesus. When you put on His armor, His life surrounds you, keeping you safe,   close to Himself, and free to be His precious friend and trusted companion. So   "put on Christ." (Galatians 3:27) He is your victory!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;hr style="height: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;"&gt;   &lt;p style="margin-top: 22px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;a name="anchor466062"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;How do   I "put on" God's Armor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;This life in Christ begins with learning, affirming, and trusting in each   part of the armor. The first part is truth--God's revelation of all that He is   to us, all that He has done for us, and all that He promises   to do for us in the days ahead. This enduring truth is written in the Bible,   revealed by the Holy Spirit, and realized through Jesus Christ. It cuts   through all the world's distortions, deceptions, and compromises. When you   study, memorize, live, and follow truth, it enables you to see the world from   God's high vantage point. Putting on the first piece of the armor means   feeding on truth through daily Bible reading and making it part of yourself.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); text-align: left; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="width: 439px; height: 500px; text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" bg="" border="2" cellspacing="1"&gt;       &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" width="24%" height="48"&gt;           &lt;h3 style="margin-bottom: 0pt;"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;font-size:85%;" &gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;God's Armor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" width="37%" height="48"&gt;           &lt;h3 style="margin-bottom: 0pt;"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;font-size:85%;" &gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;Know the Truth            about...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" width="39%" height="48"&gt;           &lt;h3 style="margin-bottom: 0pt;"&gt;           &lt;span style="font-weight: 400;font-size:85%;" &gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;Affirm key            Scriptures&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:85%;" &gt;Belt of &lt;b&gt;TRUTH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Deut. 4:39;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Psalm 23:1; 18:1-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="69"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:85%;" &gt;Breastplate of &lt;b&gt;RIGHTEOUSNESS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="69"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The Righteousness of Jesus in you&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="69"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Psalm 100:3;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Rom. 3:23-24, 6:23;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Gal. 2:20-21;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt; Phil.           3:8-10.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:85%;" &gt;Sandals of &lt;b&gt;PEACE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Inner peace and readiness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Rom. 5:1; Eph. 2:14;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;John 14:27, 16:33, 20:21.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:85%;" &gt;Shield of &lt;b&gt;FAITH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Living by faith&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="46"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Rom. 4:18-21;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Heb. 11:1; 1 Pet. 1:6-7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg=""&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:85%;" &gt;Helmet of &lt;b&gt;SALVATION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg=""&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Salvation through Christ today and forever&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg=""&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Each day:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Ps. 16, 23; Heb. 1:3-6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;For eternity: 2 Cor. 4:16-18; 1 Thess. 4:17; 1 John 3:1-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="69"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:85%;" &gt;Sword of the spirit&lt;b&gt; GOD'S WORD&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="69"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;God's Word countering spiritual deception and           accusations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td  style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;font-family:times new roman;" bg="" height="69"&gt;         &lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Heb. 4:12;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Matt. 4:2-11;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;1 Pet. 3:15;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 3px; margin-bottom: 3px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:85%;" &gt;Ps. 119:110-112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;   &lt;/center&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: times new roman; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote face="arial" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 122%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;To put on the "full armor"--and enjoy a daily and eternal   love-relationship with Jesus Christ, thank Him for what He has shown you in   His Word. &lt;i&gt;Know&lt;/i&gt; the Scriptures behind your prayer so that your words and   faith are grounded in the &lt;i&gt;authority of the Bible.&lt;/i&gt; (Some of those verses   are listed in the chart above.) Then pray through each piece. You can use the   following prayer as an outline:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;The belt of truth: &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;Thank you, my Lord, for showing me the &lt;i&gt;truth&lt;/i&gt;       about yourself. Thank you for reminding me that You are the only God, the       Creator of heaven and earth, the King of the universe, my Father who loves       me, and my Shepherd who leads me. You are my wisdom, my counselor, my       hope, and my strength. You are everything I need each day. &lt;/span&gt;       &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The breastplate of righteousness:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        Thank you for showing me the       truth about myself--that on my own I could never be good enough to live in       your presence. Thank you for taking &lt;i&gt;my sins&lt;/i&gt; to the cross and       offering me &lt;i&gt;your righteous life&lt;/i&gt;. Lord, show me any sin that I need       to confess right now, so that nothing will hinder me from being filled to       overflowing with your Spirit. [Take time for confession] Thank you for       forgiving me and for filling me with your &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;righteous&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; life.        &lt;/span&gt;       &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The sandals of peace:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;Thank you for the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;peace&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; you       give me when I trust and follow you. Show me how to help others find that       peace. &lt;/span&gt;       &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;b&gt;The shield of faith:   &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;       &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Thank you for helping me have &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;faith&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;       in you. I choose to count on everything you have shown me about       yourself--and everything you have promised me in your Word. &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;b&gt;The helmet of       salvation: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;       &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; Thank you for promising me &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;salvation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;       both for today's battles and for all eternity. &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul  style="text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;  &lt;p style="line-height: 122%;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;b&gt;The sword of the spirit, the       Word of God:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102);font-size:100%;" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; Thank you for the       scriptures you have given me to memorize. Please show me which one(s) you       want me to use to cut through deceptions and gain your victory in any       battle I may face today.&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;hr face="georgia" style="height: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 22px; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;a name="anchor467195"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;How   can I explain the armor to my children?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In a world where public schools, television, movies, and popular music all   offer tempting counterfeits of what God promises His people, there is only one   safe place for our children: in the loving arms of the Shepherd. So train your   children "in the way they should go" (Proverbs 22:6) and help them   to wear the "full armor of God" each day.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;First, read Ephesians 6:10-18 together, then review the chart at the end of   this section. It shows why the parts of armor will expose and resist all the   main lies of New Age and Neo-pagan religions. Memorize scriptures that show   the truth about God and His righteousness, peace, faith, and salvation.   Explain that these verses are scripture &lt;i&gt;swords&lt;/i&gt; that counter the main   lies of the enemy. Remember, when children know the truth about God, they   won't trust popular counterfeits. Knowing the source of their righteousness,   they won't believe sanctification without the cross. Knowing God's way to   peace and salvation, they won't choose occult paths.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Remind your children that the armor is not like a magic shield they can   casually slip on in order to be safe anywhere they want to go. One day, my   youngest son asked if he could see a popular movie with some friends.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"No. I'd rather you didn't," I told him.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"Why not?" he asked.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"Because it makes occultism seem both fun and right. Even though your   friends know it's fiction, the story and images leave the impression that you   can win in life by using occult rituals to get supernatural power. Not only   does the Bible tell us occultism is evil, it also shows how it destroys   people." I started to look up Deuteronomy 18:9-13.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"But I'll put on the armor."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"It won't help. When you go somewhere that you shouldn't, you     disobey God and "take off"  the breastplate of righteousness. You're never safe if     you go somewhere Jesus wouldn't want you to go."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;David got the   message and stayed home. He knew that by himself he was no match for occult   forces. But by wearing the special protection God offers us through His   armor, he would be able to stand firm against satan's strategies.  &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p  style="line-height: 111%; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;To help your children put on the armor, follow the scriptures and outline   shown in the previous section. Make sure they &lt;i&gt;know&lt;/i&gt; the Scriptures   behind the prayer so that their words will be based on God's Word. Then pray   through the pieces of the armor, simplifying each part to fit the ages of your   children.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;hr style="height: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"&gt;  &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;THE ARMOR OF GOD:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;   &lt;/center&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153); text-align: left;font-family:arial;"&gt;     &lt;center&gt;   &lt;table style="width: 403px; height: 1065px; text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto;" bordercolorlight="#99CCFF" bordercolordark="#666699" bg="" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"&gt;     &lt;tbody&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" width="15%" align="center"&gt;           &lt;h3 style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;EACH PIECE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" width="41%" align="center"&gt;           &lt;h3 style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;CHRISTIAN PARADIGM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" width="42%" align="center"&gt;           &lt;h3 style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;GLOBAL PARADIGM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg="" align="center"&gt;           &lt;p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;Put on:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" align="center"&gt;           &lt;p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;Know and affirm:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg="" align="center"&gt;           &lt;p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 7px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;           &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;Recognize and resist:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;         &lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);"&gt;Belt of &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TRUTH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;His sovereignty, love, wisdom, and holiness. &lt;i&gt;(Deut. 4:39; Ps.           18:1-3)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Pantheistic, monistic, polytheistic gods and goddesses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;b&gt;         Breastplate of &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;RIGHTEOUSNESS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;Jesus Christ and His blood, which cleanses us from sin. The cross           which frees us from bondage to selfish nature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The natural goodness, connectedness, and sacredness of all life.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);"&gt;Sandals of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;PEACE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;Our peace through our union and ongoing relationship with Jesus           Christ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Peace through occult practices and union with a cosmic force or           nature spirits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);"&gt;Shield of &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FAITH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;Our continual trust in God, His Word, and His promises.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Trust in Self, inner wisdom, dreams, visions, gods, goddess, cosmic           force, coincidences, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);"&gt;Helmet of &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;SALVATION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;God's promises of daily and eternal salvation in Jesus Christ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Evolving spiritually by growing in consciousness staying tuned to           the cosmic mind.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;       &lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);"&gt;Sword of the Spirit &lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style="color: rgb(81, 0, 0);"&gt;His WORD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;         &lt;span style="color: rgb(35, 49, 65);font-size:100%;" &gt;The power of God's Word to counter deception and triumph over           spiritual foes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;td bg=""&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The power of thoughts, words and affirmations to change reality and           direct spiritual forces.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;/tbody&gt;   &lt;/table&gt;     &lt;/center&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: left;"&gt;   &lt;!--NOEDIT--&gt;   &lt;!--/NOEDIT--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2205982624326861923?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2205982624326861923/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2205982624326861923' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2205982624326861923'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2205982624326861923'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/armor-of-god.html' title='The Armor of God'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4088624552399415867</id><published>2008-11-27T07:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T07:33:03.873-08:00</updated><title type='text'>What Jesus taught us to pray</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin-top: 12px; font-family: georgia;" align="left"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Jesus Christ      &lt;i style=""&gt;was&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; and&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt; is&lt;/i&gt; God!  For a moment in time, He left His unseen eternal home to enter into human      history as a man. His life, suffering, death, and resurrection were documented historical       events -- facts, not fables      told by creative storytellers. What He taught us about humility, death and resurrection      is &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; open to our re-interpretation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"If we, or an    angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let    him be accursed," wrote the apostle Paul. (Galatians 1:1-24)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;If we will   come to Him in our need, &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/repentance.htm"&gt;repent&lt;/a&gt;       of our sins, &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/trust.htm"&gt;trust&lt;/a&gt;       in His &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/salvation.htm"&gt;saving death       on the cross&lt;/a&gt;, and let His       &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/Word.htm"&gt;Word,&lt;/a&gt; like a beacon       of light, guide us through each day -- and through the       storms ahead, He will prove His       &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/grace.htm"&gt;grace&lt;/a&gt; and faithfulness over and over       again. One simple   way to come close to Him, is simply to follow this prayer outline Jesus taught   His disciples long ago.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 22px; font-family: georgia;" align="center"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.crossroad.to/images/formatting/blue-small.jpg" width="307" border="0" height="3" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 22px; font-family: georgia;" align="center"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;he       Lord's prayer (Matthew 6:9-13)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 22px; font-family: georgia;"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;In New Testament times, rabbis      often provided index-prayers or patterns for prayer. Each short      part focused on one essential part of our relationship with Him. The Lord's      prayer (Matthew 6:9-13) can do that and far more, if we will use      it as a pathway to intimacy with God.&lt;span style=""&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;When we do, He opens   our eyes to see from His perspective, enables us to share His heart, and keeps   us close to Himself as we continue our earthly journey:&lt;span style=""&gt;    &lt;/span&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;      &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt; Our       Father in heaven, holy is Your Name.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 700;"&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;Worship       Him!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Whether by inner   acknowledgment or outward motion, bow before the King, your Father and   Shepherd, in faith, love, humility and surrender, the attitude of worship.   Whisper or speak His names (some are listed in the appendix), letting them   remind you of all that He is, all that He has, and all that He wants to share   with you, His precious bride.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      &lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;2. Your Kingdom come,       Your will be done, on earth, as it is in heaven.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;       &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;      &lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;      &lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;Surrender to Him!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003366;"&gt;      &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Our   King reigns -- He always has and He always will. Today, the goodness of His   kingdom is demonstrated wherever His will is known and followed.&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Pray that the King will reign in your heart and do His will   through your life this day. &lt;i&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#4f0000;"&gt;(Mark 14:36, John 4:34, 5:30; Romans 12:1-2, 1   Thessalonians 5:16-18). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      &lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;3. Give us this day our       daily bread.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;      &lt;b&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;Trust       Him for daily provision!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Jesus, Himself the Bread of life, longs to equip you       with the riches and resources of His life. When you give       yourself to Him, He gives Himself to you. You become one       with Him -- not in the New Age sense where the human       personality is absorbed into a pantheistic force -- but in       the privilege of sharing in His life. All that He is and has       becomes available to you so that He can fulfill His purpose       in you. This is covenant relationship, and it's far more       wonderful than human thoughts can conceive.&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#4f0000;"&gt; (Matthew 6:33;       John 6:35-63; Psalm 62:5-6; Ephesians 3:14-19) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      &lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;4. Forgive us as we forgive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;Thank Him for       His Grace -- and share it with others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#003366;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;God calls us to "be holy" as He is holy;&lt;span style=""&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;nothing less can qualify us for the heavenly throne room of our King.   That means there must be no hindrance to the biblical oneness between Him and   you, nor between you and His other friends. &lt;i&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#4f0000;"&gt;(Matthew 6:14-15; Hebrews 4:14-16;   James 5:16a; 1 Peter 1:16; 1 John 1:9, 3:2-3) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      &lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;      5.   Deliver us from the evil one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt; &lt;/i&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt; Battle in prayer! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;      &lt;span style=""&gt; Stand firm in &lt;/span&gt;the spiritual victories Christ won for you at the cross. They       are living   realities for those who belong to Him. So trust His Word and authority, then      &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/Victory/Armor.htm"&gt;stand immovable&lt;/a&gt; against the enemies of the Kingdom.&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#4f0000;"&gt; (Exodus 14:13; 2   Chronicles 20:6-15; Psalm 18; Matthew 16:19; Ephesians 6:10; 1 John 4:4;   Revelation 12:10-11)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;      &lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#3e0000;"&gt;      6.       &lt;i style=""&gt;For Yours is the       Kingdom and the power and the glory forever!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#22293c;"&gt;      &lt;span style="text-transform: uppercase;"&gt;      Praise Him! trust Him&lt;b&gt;!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#22293c;"&gt;&lt;i style=""&gt;      &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;The Kingdom belongs to God, but He shares its riches now and forever with   His children who   trust and&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/follow.htm"&gt; follow Him&lt;/a&gt;. Unbounded      &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/grace.htm"&gt;grace&lt;/a&gt; is lavished      &lt;i&gt;(though we may not always recognize it)&lt;/i&gt; on those who       &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/lovingGod.htm"&gt;love Him&lt;/a&gt; enough to hear   His heart, share His concerns, and walk in       &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/HisWord/verses/topics/purpose.htm"&gt;His purpose&lt;/a&gt;.       &lt;i&gt;      &lt;span style="color:#4f0000;"&gt;(Mark 11:22-24; John   15:7, 14:12-14; Philippians 4:4-7, 19; James 1:5-6, 4:3) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr style="font-family: georgia; height: 3px;"&gt;      &lt;p style="font-family: georgia;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;If you pray -- with   all your heart -- through this outline and   surrender your life into His loving hands, He will surely answer you, for you   have asked according to His will. (1 John 5:14-15)&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;You are safe in Him, whether you live or die,&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;for He surrounds you as an       &lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/text/articles/armorofgod.html"&gt;Armor&lt;/a&gt;   and fills you with His very own life. Then you can stand with confidence on   the wonderful promise He gives you in Romans 8:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; font-family: georgia;"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#22293c;"&gt;"If God       &lt;span style=""&gt;is   &lt;/span&gt;for us, who &lt;span style=""&gt;can be &lt;/span&gt;against us?   He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how shall   He not with Him also freely give us all things?&lt;span style=""&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;. . .       &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Who   shall separate us from the love of Christ?       &lt;span style=""&gt;Shall   &lt;/span&gt;tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or   peril, or sword?&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;...Yet in all these things    we are more than conquerors through Him who loved us!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; font-family: georgia;"&gt;      &lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#22293c;"&gt;For I am persuaded that neither    death nor life, nor angels nor principalities nor powers, nor things present nor things    to come, nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, shall be able to separate us    from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#000066;"&gt;"       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#000066;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;color:#800000;"&gt;Romans      8:31-39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4088624552399415867?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4088624552399415867/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4088624552399415867' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4088624552399415867'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4088624552399415867'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/what-jesus-taught-us-to-pray.html' title='What Jesus taught us to pray'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-8809161851436200026</id><published>2008-11-27T07:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T07:30:29.808-08:00</updated><title type='text'>God provides for His people</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin-top: 11px; margin-bottom: 11px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:180%;color:#800000;"&gt;God provides for His people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/text/beliefs.html"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;   &lt;div align="center"&gt;   &lt;table width="92%" background="../../../backgrounds/blue-green-light/weave.bmp" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td width="100%"&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p style="margin-top: 11px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;“Therefore &lt;b&gt;do not worry&lt;/b&gt;, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What      shall we drink?’ or ‘What shall we wear?’ For after all these      things the Gentiles seek. For your heavenly Father knows      that you need all these things. But &lt;b&gt;seek first the      kingdom of God&lt;/b&gt; and His righteousness, and all these things shall      be added to you. Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for      tomorrow will worry about its own things. Sufficient for the day      is its own trouble."                   Matthew 6:31-34 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;﻿"And my      &lt;b&gt;God shall      supply all your need according to His riches in glory by Christ      Jesus&lt;/b&gt;. ﻿Now to our God and Father be glory forever and ever." Philippians      4:19-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;“If then God so      clothes the grass, which today is in the field and tomorrow is      thrown into the oven, how much more will He clothe you, O you      of little faith? And do not seek what you should eat or what      you should drink, nor have an anxious mind. For all these      things the nations of the world seek after, and your Father      knows that you need these things.  But seek the      kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added to you.       Do not fear, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure      to give you the kingdom. Sell what you have and give alms;      provide yourselves money bags which do not grow old, a treasure      in the heavens that does not fail, where no thief approaches nor      moth destroys. For where your treasure is, there your heart      will be also." Luke 12:28-34&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"...the kingdom of      God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and      joy in the Holy Spirit. ﻿For he who serves Christ in these      things is acceptable to God and approved by men. ﻿Therefore      let us pursue the things which make for peace and the things by      which one may edify another." Romans 14:17-19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"﻿God said to      Solomon: 'Because this was in your heart, and you have not      asked riches or wealth or honor or the life of your enemies,      nor have you asked long life—but have asked wisdom and      knowledge for yourself, that you may judge My people over      whom I have made you king— wisdom and knowledge are granted      to you; and I will give you riches and wealth and honor,      such as none of the kings have had who were before you, nor      shall any after you have the like.” 2 Chronicles      1:8-12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"And everyone who      has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or      wife or children or lands, for My name’s sake, shall receive      a hundredfold, and inherit eternal life. But many who are      first will be last, and the last first." Matthew 19:29-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"Jesus answered      and said, Assuredly, I say to you, there is no one who has      left house or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or      children or lands, for My sake and the gospel’s, who shall      not receive a hundredfold now in this time—houses and      brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with      persecutions—and in the age to come, eternal life.  But      many who are first will be last, and the last first.”      Mark      10:28-31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"Bring all the      tithes into the storehouse,&lt;br /&gt;That there may be food in My house,      &lt;br /&gt;And try Me now in this,” says the Lord of hosts,&lt;br /&gt;“If I will not open for you the windows of heaven      &lt;br /&gt;And pour out for you such blessing&lt;br /&gt;That there will not be room enough to receive it."       Malachi      3:10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"He humbled you,      allowed you to hunger, and fed you with manna which you did not      know nor did your fathers know, that He might make you know that      man shall not live by bread alone; but man lives by every word      that proceeds from the mouth of the Lord."  Deuteronomy 8:2-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"The Lord is my      shepherd; I shall not want.&lt;br /&gt;He makes me to lie down in green pastures;      &lt;br /&gt;He leads me beside the still waters.&lt;br /&gt;He restores my soul;      &lt;br /&gt;He leads me in the paths of righteousness for His name’s sake."     Ps 23:1-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#2e364b;"&gt;"And God is able      to make all grace abound toward you, that you, always having      all sufficiency in all things, may have an abundance for every      good work."      2 Corinthians 9:8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;             &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/tbody&gt;  &lt;/table&gt;  &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crossroad.to/index.html"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Book Antiqua;font-size:100%;color:#006699;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Home&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-8809161851436200026?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/8809161851436200026/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=8809161851436200026' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/8809161851436200026'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/8809161851436200026'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/god-provides-for-his-people.html' title='God provides for His people'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-5352131090647796296</id><published>2008-11-27T06:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-27T06:52:35.788-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Christian business</title><content type='html'>A Christian business is one where the decisions that govern the day to day actions are made on the basis of the word of God, whether this proves popular or not and regardless of circumstances, feelings or its social acceptability. It will have at its core a commitment to do things according to biblical principles, in much the same way that some of the old laws governing the company were made on a biblical basis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The purpose of a Christian business is to glorify God. The list below, provides food for thought about our roles and responsibilities as Christians in the marketplace. We are called to live as the people of God in a secular world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) We are to be salt and light. As our lives reflect our personal relationship with God the Father, we "fertilise" others, stimulating their spiritual growth, enabling them to taste and see the goodness of our God. Without saltiness, what remains has little value to anyone. As children of God, we should let our light shine so that non-Christians may see our good deeds and praise our Father in heaven (Matt. 5:16). The business arena provides an excellent context for this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b) We are His distinctive people. When God called the children of Israel out of Egypt into the promised land, He made it clear that they were to live as His people and be different from the nations surrounding them. "For you are a holy people to the LORD your God; the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for Himself, a special treasure above all the peoples on the face of the earth" (Deut. 7:6).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our businesses are representatives of the Lord whose name we carry. A successful Christian business reflects the goodness of God towards His chosen people - those who have been called out of darkness into His marvellous light to which unbelievers will be drawn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c) We demonstrate His presence among us. Our continual dependence on Him, together with a flow of supernatural gifts and abilities demonstrates God's presence among us. God will continue to give us creative skills to run our business. He asks us to call on Him and He will show us great and mighty things. These things will set us apart as the children of God.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;d) We establish His kingdom. The kingdom of God is the rule and reign of God among us. It is the ushering in of His rule and authority on the earth and the fullness of God bursting into everything that we do. When the Lord reigns in our businesses, we bring His rule and authority into the business arena.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e) We are a source of blessing. God's charge to Abraham, as recorded in Genesis 12:1-3, is to go to the land that He will show him and he will be made into a great nation and be a blessing and all the peoples of the earth shall be blessed through him. In the New Testament, we are reminded that we are the children of Abraham and that the promise is also for us. God wants us to be a channel of blessing. As we honour Him with our wealth and the firstfruits of our businesses, He promises to bless us in return. From these profits, we can be a source of blessing to our families, employees and those belonging to the household of faith.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-5352131090647796296?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/5352131090647796296/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=5352131090647796296' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5352131090647796296'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5352131090647796296'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/christian-business.html' title='Christian business'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-706922581602200909</id><published>2008-11-20T10:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T10:05:18.408-08:00</updated><title type='text'>AIR Multifungsi Cairan Tubuh</title><content type='html'>Air adalah bagian terbesar dari komposisi tubuh manusia. Hampir semua reaksi di dalam tubuh memerlukan cairan. Bila konsumsi air sangat sedikit, maka reaksi yang terjadi dalam tubuh akan terganggu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Agar metabolisme tubuh dapat berlangsung dengan normal, tubuh harus mendapatkan masukan cairan setiap hari untuk menggantikan cairan yang hilang.&lt;br /&gt;Masukan air terjadi karena kita minum saat haus. Rangsangan rasa haus ini diatur oleh pusat haus di hipotalamus tengah. Hal ini merupakan suatu mekanisme tepenting untuk mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan. Normalnya kehilangan air terjadi melalui paru-paru, kulit saluran cerna, dan ginjal. Kehilangan cairan normal berlangsung akibat pemakaian energi. Kehilangan cairan sebesar 1 ml terjadi pada pemakaian kalori sebesar 1 kal.&lt;br /&gt;Di samping kehilangan cairan normal, dapat pula terjadi kehilangan cairan abnormal yang disebabkan oleh berbagai penyakit atau keadaan tak normal. Misalnya, suhu lingkungan tinggi, berkeringat, maupun akibat berbagai penyakit.&lt;br /&gt;Pengeluaran cairan yang banyak dari tubuh tanpa diimbangi dengan konsumsi cairan akan berakibat dehidrasi. Tubuh dengan terpaksa harus menyedot cairan baik dari darah maupun organ-organ tubuh agar kita tetap hidup. Orang yang berat tubuhnya mendadak turun pada suatu waktu sangat mungkin ia mengalami dehidrasi.&lt;br /&gt;Mengatur suhu tubuhAir berfungsi untuk mengatur suhu tubuh. Bila kekurangan air, suhu tubuh akan menjadi panas dan naik. Jika berada pada daerah atau tempat yang suhunya panas, tubuh Anda membutuhkan air yang cukup. Pada tempat yang panas seperti itu, tubuh akan merespon dengan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menormalkan suhu tubuh.&lt;br /&gt;Melancarkan darahAir juga berfungsi melancarkan peredaran darah. Bila tubuh kita kurang cairan, maka darah akan menjadi lebih mengental. Keadaan ini disebabkan cairan dalam darah tersedot untuk kebutuhan dalam tubuh. Proses ini akan berpengaruh pada kinerja otak dan jantung.&lt;br /&gt;Membuang racun dan sisa makananKecukupan air tubuh akan membantu mengeluarkan racun yang ada di dalam tubuh. Air membersihkan racun dalam tubuh lewat keringat, air seni dan pernapasan. Air akan membersihkan sisa-sisa makanan yang tidak diperlukan tubuh melalui ginjal.&lt;br /&gt;KulitAir sangat penting untuk mengatur struktur dan fungsi kulit. Bila kekurangan air, kulit akan terlihat lebih kusam, kasar, berkerut dan tidak segar. Keadaan ini disebabkan cairan dalam kulit menjadi menghilang. Kecukupan air tubuh perlu untuk menjaga kelembaban, kelembuatan dan elastilitas kulit akibat pengaruh udara panas dari luar tubuh.&lt;br /&gt;PencernaanPeran air dalam tubuh sangat vital dalam proses pencernaan. Di sini air berfungsi mengangkut nutrisi dan oksigen melalui darah untuk segera dikirim ke sel-sel tubuh. Konsumsi air yang cukup juga akan membantu kerja sistem pencernaan di dalam usus besar dalam mencegah konstipasi karena gerakan usus menjadi lebih lancar dan feses pun dikeluarkan lebih lancar.&lt;br /&gt;PernapasanParu-paru juga memerlukan air untuk pernapasan. Paru-paru kita harus basah dalam bekerja memasukkan oksigen ke sel tubuh dan memompakan karbondioksida keluar tubuh. Cobalah Anda menghembuskan napas ke kaca, maka Anda akan melihat cairan yang keluar lewat napas.&lt;br /&gt;Sendi dan ototKecukupan air akan melindungi dan melumasi gerakan sendi dan otot. Untuk itulah perlu mengonsumsi air selama beraktivitas untuk meminimalkan risiko kejang otot dan kelelahan. Otot-otot tubuh akan mengempis bila tubuh kekurangan cairan.&lt;br /&gt;Pemulihan penyakitAir mendukung proses pemulihan. Asupan air yang memadai ketika sakit, berkhasiat meredakan demam dan mengganti cairan yang terbuang. Untuk itulah mengapa orang yang sakit terutama demam disarankan untuk selalu banyak minum melebihi kebutuhan konsumsi air orang normal.&lt;br /&gt;Sumber: human health&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-706922581602200909?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/706922581602200909/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=706922581602200909' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/706922581602200909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/706922581602200909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/air-multifungsi-cairan-tubuh.html' title='AIR Multifungsi Cairan Tubuh'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-9038367222374664332</id><published>2008-11-20T09:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T10:01:17.623-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Bahaya gula bibit, Penyedap, Formalin &amp; Minyak Goreng bekas</title><content type='html'>Badan POM (Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan) memperingatkan kembali hal itu baru-baru ini.&lt;br /&gt;Apa bahaya rata-rata makanan jajanan kita terhadap kesehatan?&lt;br /&gt;Sekitar tahun 80-an, diberitakan sejumlah karyawan sebuah pabrik semen menderita pusing dan mual sehabis makan siang. Kejadian begini bukan baru sekali. Sudah lama keluhan yang sama muncul pada mereka setiap habis makan siang di sebuah warung makan kaki lima.&lt;br /&gt;Keracunan makanankah penyebabnya?&lt;br /&gt;Ternyata bukan. Tim Dinas Kesehatan setempat menyelidiki apa gerangan penyebab keluhan yang diderita sejumlah karyawan yang mengonsumsi menu makan siang di warung yang sama. Diduga kuat dari saus tomatnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Berbahayakah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tentu tidak sekedar pusing belaka yang ditakutkan, melainkan juga bahaya jangka panjangnya. Zat warna tekstil jenis itu bersifat karsinogik juga. Artinya, bersifat pematik munculnya kanker bila dikonsumsi rutin untuk waktu yang lama.&lt;br /&gt;Kita menyaksikan yang ada di meja makan warung nasi, penjual bakmi bakso, dan kantin sekolah, kemungkinan besar jenis saus tomat semacam itu. Kalau tidak, kenapa harganya bisa rendah sekali?Kecurigaan harus muncul bila ada saus tomat semurah itu.&lt;br /&gt;Bukan cuma dalam saus tomat zat warna tekstil rhodomin-B juga konon pernah ditemukan dalam lipstik dan pemerah pipi, selain bahan pewarna penganan dan jajanan, termasuk mungkin dalam sirop murah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dalam sebuah reportase belum lama ini, sebuah stasiun TV swasta menyiarkan tayangan betapa merasa tak bersalahnya seorang pembuat sirop yang dijajankan di sekolah, kurang higienis, memakai air mentah (belum dimasak), dan zat warna buatan yang diduga rhodomin-B juga. Hal itu sudah dikerjakannya bertahun-tahun.&lt;br /&gt;Sirop dan limun murah dijajanan sekolah ini yang membuat kita prihatin. Generasi  anak sekolah (pinggiran, dari ekonomi kurang mampu) kita tengah memanggul risiko terkena kanker daat dewasa, selain bahaya infeksi perut dadakan.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GULA BIBIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selain pewarna, jajanan kaki lima yang memang buat kantong ekonomi lemah, dengan harga yang lebih terjankau, tak mungkin sepenuhnya menggunakan gula asli (gula pasir maupun gula merah), melainkan memilih gula bibit. Kita tahu bibit tidak semuanya aman bagi kesehatan. Sebut saja gula sakarin dan aspartam, yang jauh lebih murah dibandingkan gula asli.&lt;br /&gt;Bisa dipastikan jenis gula bibit murah begini, yang sudah dilarang digunakan, masih saja dipakai oleh rata-rata pembuat makanan dan minuman rumahan. Limun, sirop, saus, dan kecap murah, hampir pasti mencampurkan gula bibit, kalau bukan seluruhnya bahan kimiawi berbahaya ini.&lt;br /&gt;Pemanis buatan lain tentu ada yang lebih aman, dari daun stevia misalnya. Namun, karena harganya tidak terjangkau untuk membuat kudapan murah, pedagang memilih gula buatan yang lebih murah.&lt;br /&gt; Belakangan pemanis buatan aspartam juga gencar dilarang, lantaran efek buruknya, anatara lain disuga terhadap otak. Namun, masih banyak jajanan dan panganan, selain industri makanan yang menggunakan aspartam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PENYEDAP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhatikan, bagaimana tukang bakso pinggir jalan menambahkan bumbu penyedap (sodium gluamic). Dahulu, untuk menuangkan bumbu penyedap (desebut mecin, vetsin) memakai sendok khusus tebuat dari kayu dengan penampang seujung kelingking. Maksudnya paling banyak disendok pun takarannya hanya seujung kelingking itu.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak demikian hal sekarang. Rata-rata dituang langsung dari kantong plastik kemasan atau memakai sendok makan. Semakin banyak penyedap situangkan, semakin gurih rasa barang jualnya.&lt;br /&gt;Dari kacamata ekonomi, akan lebih menguntungkan bila menuagkan lebih banyak penyedap karena menambah lezatcita rasa jajanan. Air putih (bukan kaldu) yang dibubuhi penyedap banyak-banyak dengan cara murah dan mudah menjadi sangat menyerupai kuah kaldu yang harus lebih tinggi modalnya.&lt;br /&gt;Apa bahaya mengonsumsi penyedap banyak-banyak?Ya, bila dikonsumsi rutin untuk jangka waktu lama, penyebab buruk efeknya terhadap susunan saraf pusat, selain efek alergi bagi yang tidak than (post restaurant syndrome), juga pusing-pusing sehabis makan di restoran (akibat penyedap).&lt;br /&gt;Bagi mereka yang ingin aman, selain minta tidak pakai penyedap bila memesan makanan restoran, masakan dirumah sendiri sama sekali bebas penyedap buatan. Rasa gurih sehatnya cukup hanya mengandalkan bumbu penyedap buatan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FORMALIN&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kita juga mengenal bahan formalin. Selain digunakan buat pengawet mayat agar tidak lekas membusuk, formalin juga masuk ke industri makanan (rumahan). Bukan baru sekarang kita mendengar atau mungkin membaca kalau formalin juga masuk industri pembuatan tahu.&lt;br /&gt;Agar awet tidak lekas rusak (besi), industri tahu (murah) juga memanfaatkan formalin, agar tidak sampai merugi. Tahu yang berformalin dijajankan di mana-mana. Padahal, formalin juga tidak menyehatkan. Masalahnya, bagaimana mengontrol begitu banyak dan luasnya industri rumahan tahu di Indonesia?&lt;br /&gt;Formalin juga dimanfaatkan untuk proses pembuatan ikan asin. Penjualan ikan asin di suatu daerah, baru-baru ini diberitakan menurun akibat kedapatn pembuatannya memakai formalin agar lebih awet.&lt;br /&gt;Selain formali, kita juga membaca atau mendengar pembuatan bakso mencampurkan bahan kimiawi boraks juga, selain beberapa jenis bahan kimiawi yang sudah terbukti membahyakan kesehatan, masih lolos tak terkontrol. Betapa longgarnya kendali terhadap pemakaian bahan-bahanberbahaya karena memang tidak mudah rentang kendali untuk ribuan industri makanan dan minuman rumahan, termasuk jamu murahan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MINYAK GORENG BEKAS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Disinyalir, kebanyak jajanan gorengan pinggiran jalan menggunakan minyak goreng bekas, kalau bukan minyak goreng yang sudah dioplos dengan minyak lain yang lebih murah. Minyak goreng oplosan ini yang diduga membahayakan kesehatan.&lt;br /&gt;Kita sudah tahu kalau minyak goreng bekas (jelantah) bersifat karsinogenik juga. Restoran ayam goreng yang tidak memakai lagi minyak goreng habis pakainya, menjualnya ke penjual gorengan pinggir jalan. Kalau itu dikonsumsi rutin untuk jangka waktu lama, tentu sama tidak sehatnya dengan bahan karsinogenik lainnya, termasuk jika kita melakukannya juga di rumah sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Oleh : Dr. Handrawan Nadesul, Dokter Umum&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-9038367222374664332?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/9038367222374664332/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=9038367222374664332' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/9038367222374664332'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/9038367222374664332'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/bahaya-gula-bibit-penyedap-formalin.html' title='Bahaya gula bibit, Penyedap, Formalin &amp; Minyak Goreng bekas'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-3404457870376833795</id><published>2008-11-20T09:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:59:04.572-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Stroberi, Si Manis Pencegah Kanker</title><content type='html'>Pada stroberi yang berwarna merah dan manis rasanya, terkandung zat-zat gizi yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Buah ini mengandung vitamin, mineral, serta beberapa jenis senyawa fitokimia yang mampu menangkal kanker, menurunkan tekanan darah, serta mengurangi akibat yang disebabkan diabetes.&lt;br /&gt;Bila Anda harus memilih satu jenis es krim, susu, atau yoghurt, rasa apa yang paling disukai? Hampir dapat dipastikan bahwa salah satu rasa kesukaan Anda adalah stroberi, selain vanila dan moka. Sayangnya rasa stroberi yang Anda nikmati tersebut umumnya berasal dari flavor (pencita rasa), bukan dari buah aslinya.&lt;br /&gt;Dewasa ini teknologi pembuatan flavor sudah berkembang sangat pesat. Hampir semua cita rasa alam telah dapat dibuat sintetiknya secara kimiawi. Bagaimanapun, buah stroberi masih tentu,saja jauh lebih unggul.&lt;br /&gt;Tanaman stroberi telah dikenal sejak zaman Romawi, tetapi berbeda dengan stroberi yang dikenal saat ini. Stroberi yang dibudidayakan sekarang merupakan stroberi modern dengan nama ilmiah Fragaria xananassa Duchesne, yang dalam bahasa Inggris lebih dikenal sebagai strawberry.&lt;br /&gt;Negara penghasil stroberi terbesar di dunia adalah Amerika Serikat yang mencapai 245 persen dari total produksi dunia. Negara produsen, lain yang cukup potensial adalah Jepang, Meksiko, Polandia, Italia, dan New Zealand.&lt;br /&gt;Di AS, stroberi terutama ditanam di negara bagian California dengan lugs areal mencapai 37,7 persen dari seluruh areal produksi stroberi AS. Negara bagian lain yang juga memproduksi stroberi adalah Florida, Oregon, Washington, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, New Jersey, dan Arkansas. Beberapa kultivar stroberi yang banyak ditanam adalah Douglas, Pajaro, Chandler, dan Parker.&lt;br /&gt;Indonesia Tidak Ketinggalan&lt;br /&gt;Walaupun tidak sehebat di AS, stroberi juga sudah dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Nenek moyang stroberi yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia berasal dari Amerika.&lt;br /&gt;Pada pertengahan tahun 1990-an, tanaman buah ini mulai dikenal dan dikembangkan oleh petani Indonesia, khususnva oleh petani Rancabali Bandung, Jawa Barat. Stroberi tumbuh cukup baik di daerah ini kerena udaranya dingin menyerupai habitat aslinya. Jenis stroberi yang banyak ditanam penduduk adalah Fragaria nilgerrensis, yang oleh warga setempat lebih dikenal sebagai stroberi Nyoho.&lt;br /&gt;Stroberi jenis lain yang juga mulai dibudidayakan adalah stroberi California (Frogariaversca), Holland, dan Ananassa (Fragaria ananassa). Menurut beberapa petani, kultivar-kultivar itu dapat dibedakan dari bentuk buahnya. Buah stroberi Nyoho dan Ananassa agak mengerucut (konikal), sementara California dan Holland agak membulat (globosa). Kesamaannya, petani dapat memanen buah stroberi tiga hingga empat kali seminggu.&lt;br /&gt;Selain di daerah Jawa Barat, tanaman stroberi juga dapat dijumpai di Jawa Tengah, yaitu di sentra pertanian Tawangmangu Kabupaten Karanganyar. Jenis stroberi yang dibudidayakan yaitu jenis daun keriting dan tristar yang memang cocok ditanam di daerah ini. Budi daya stroberi juga sudah dilakukan di daerah Sukabumi, Cipanas, Lembang, Batu, dan Bedugul (Bali).&lt;br /&gt;Warna buah yang masih mencolok dengan bentuk mungil serta rasa yang manis segar telah menempatkan stroberi sebagai tanaman buah yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Warna dan rasanya yang khas menyebabkan buah stroberi sangat digemari oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat, dari anak-anak hingga usia lanjut. Buah stroberi banyak digunakan sebagai campuran es krim, yoghurt, susu bubuk, aneka kue, dan lain-lain.&lt;br /&gt;Buah stroberi memiliki beberapa bentuk. Menurut penggolongan dari USDA ada delapan bentuk buah yang umum, yaitu oblate, globose,globose conic, conic, long coni necked, long wedge, dan shop wedge. Buah yang berbentuk oblate dan globose mempunyai ujung bulat, yang berbentuk bentuk conic memiliki ujung meruncing, sedangkan yang wedge memiliki ujung mendatar. Bentuk-bentuk tersebut ditentukan oleh sifat genetik.&lt;br /&gt;Mineral dan Vitamin&lt;br /&gt;Ciri dari buah stroberi adalah memiliki protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat yang rendah, yaitu masing-masing 0,8 g, 0,5 g, dan 8 g per 100 gram daging buah. Total energi dari 100 gram buah adalah 37 kkal. Kenyataan ini memungkinkan kita untuk mengonsumsi stroberi dalam jumlah banyak, tanpa khawatir akan terjadinya kenaikan bobot badan.&lt;br /&gt;Mineral potensial yang ada di dalam 100 gram buah stroberi adalah 28 mg kalsium, 27 mg fosfor, 0,8 mg zat besi, 10 mg magnesium, 27 mg potassium, dan 0,7 mg selenium. Vitamin yang dapat diandalkan adalah 60 SI vitamin A, 60 mg vitamin C, 0,03 mg vitamin B1, serta 17,7 mcg asam folat. Kandungan lain, yakni air, sebanyak 89,9 g.&lt;br /&gt;Kandungan vitamin C stroberi lebih tinggi dibandingkan buah jeruk atau orange. Vitamin C sangat bermanfaat sebagai pelawan infeksi dan pencegah kanker. Menurut American Cancer Society, makanan yang kaya akan vitamin C seperti stroberi, dapat menurunkan risiko kanker saluran pencernaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manfaat Fitokimia bagi Kesehatan&lt;br /&gt;Mengonsumsi bahan pangan berwarna hijau saja setiap hari tidaklah cukup. Menurut National Canter Institute, kita seharusnya mengonsumsi paling tidak satu clan masing-masing lima kelompok bahan pangan berwarna setiap harinya. Kelima kelompok warna tersebut adalah merah, putih, biru atau ungu, kuning, dan hijau.&lt;br /&gt;Mengapa kita dianjurkan melakukan hat tersebut? Alasan yang mendasarinya, setiap warna menunjukkan jenis senyawa tertentu yang dominan pada suatu bahan pangan. Sesungguhnya di balik warna-warna tersebut terkandung senyawa fitokimia yang berbeda dengan manfaat yang sangat luar biasa bagi tubuh. Stroberi merupakan salah sate bahan pangan yang mewakili kelompok bahan pangan berwarna merah.&lt;br /&gt;Sesuai dengan namanya, senyawa fitokimia merupakan senyawa spesifik yang terdapat pada jenis tanaman tertentu (fito= tanaman) dengan manfaat yang juga sangat spesifik. Menyadari pentingnya pecan senyawa fitokimia tersebut, beberapa upaya telah dilakukan oleh para ahli untuk mengekstrak atau mengisolasi senyawa fitokimia tertentu dari beberapa jenis tanaman.&lt;br /&gt;Namun, upaya-upaya tersebut tidak selalu berhasil dengan baik. Dalam banyak kasus, suatu senyawa fitokimia hanya aktif dan bermanfaat jika berada dalam kondisi bersinergi dengan komponen lainnya pada bahan pangan tertentu. Upaya isolasi dan pemurnian menyebabkan, senyawa tersebut tercabut dan terpisah dari yang lainnya, sehingga khasiatnya menjadi menurun atau hilang sama sekali. Oleh karena itu, konsumsi pangan alami jauh lebih baik daripada yang telah dimurnikan.Beberapa senyawa fitokimia yang terdapat pada buah stroberi adalah:&lt;br /&gt;1. AnthocyaninAnfhocyanin tergolong dalam komponen flavonoid. Senyawa ini merupakan pigmen pemberi warna merah pada stroberi. Anthocyanin memiliki efek dalam menurunkan tekanan darah serta melindungi terhadap masalah-masalah yang disebabkan oleh diabetes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Ellagic AcidSelain zat gizi, stroberi juga mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang disebut etlagic&lt;br /&gt;acid, yaitu suatu persenyawaan fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antikarsinogen dan antimutagen. Senyawa karsinogen yang memicu timbulnya kanker tersebar luas di lingkungan kita, baik yang berasal dari bahan pangan maupun nonpangan. Oleh karena itu, sudah selayaknya kita membekali diri dengan banyak mengonsumsi bahan pangan yang mengandung senyawa antikarsinogen, seperti stroberi.&lt;br /&gt;Ellagic acid merupakan persenyawaan fenolik alamiah yang ditemukan pada beberapa famili tanaman,`seperti Rosaceae, Fagaceae, Saxifragaceae, Cunomirutceae dan Myrotharnnaceae. Jenis tanaman dan famili Rosaceae yang banyak mengandung ellagic acid di antaranya stroberi dan apel. Pada stroberi, senyawa tersebut terdapat pada bagian biji, daun, dan daging buah. Kandungan ellagic acid dalam buah stroberi berkisar antara 0,43 - 4,64 mg per gram berat kering. Amerika Serikat merupakan negara yang paling getol meneliti khasiat ellagic acid karena penduduk merekalah yang paling banyak mengonsumsi stroberi di dunia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. &lt;strong&gt;Catechin, Quercetin dan KaempferolSelain ellagic acid, senyawa folifenol lain yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan adalah cateehin, quer-cetin, dan kaempferol.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diketahui bahwa sifat antioksidatif dari senyawa fitokimia dalam stroberi dapat membantu dalam menurunkan risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular, melalui mekanisme penghambatan oksidasi kolesterol-LDL (kolesterol jahat), menaikkan stabilitas plak, meningkatkan fungsi endotelial vaskuler, dan menurunkan tendensi terjadinya proses trombosis (penggumpalan darah) (Hannum, 2004).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hasil penelitian pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan total terbadap beberapa jenis buah-buahan menempatkan stroberi pada urutan keempat setelah cranberi, apel, dan anggur merah, Aktivitas antioksidan stroberi masih lebih baik dibandingkan buah peach, lemon, dan pir (Hannum, 2004).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hambat Pembiakan Sel Kanker&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Aktivitas antiproliferatif diukur berdasarkan penghambatan terhadap proliferasi (pembiakan yang subur) sel kanker hati manusia secara in vitro. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pemberian ekstrak beberapa jenis kultivar stroberi (Earliglow, Annapolis, Evangeline, Allstar, sable, Sparkle, Jewel dan mesabi) secara signifikan menghambat proliferasi sel kanker tersebut. Kultivar Earligow menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan tertinggi, sedangkan Annapolis menunjukkan penghambatan terendah (Meyers et al.,2003).&lt;br /&gt;Hasil penelitian pengukuran aktivitas antiproliferatif terhadap beberapa jenis buah-buahan menempatkan stroberi pada urutan keempat setelah cranberi, lemon dan apel. Aktivitas antiproliferatif stroberi masih lebih baik dibandingkan buah anggur merah, pisang dan peach.&lt;br /&gt;Sumber: Senior (20 September 2005)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-3404457870376833795?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/3404457870376833795/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=3404457870376833795' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3404457870376833795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3404457870376833795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/stroberi-si-manis-pencegah-kanker.html' title='Stroberi, Si Manis Pencegah Kanker'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-665932878137047879</id><published>2008-11-20T09:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:53:03.428-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Tanda-Tanda Kekurangan Omega 3</title><content type='html'>Perlukah kita mengonsumsi asam lemak omega 3? Tentu, dong. Asam lemak ini penting untuk pembentukan membran sel, juga menjaga kesehatan saraf dan jantung.&lt;br /&gt;Studi-studi ilmiah asam lemak omega 3 membuktikan bahwa tanpa asam lemak ini tubuh rentan terkena alergi dan artritis. Penyakit degeneratif seperti jantung dan kanker juga mengintai kesehatan kita, jika cadangan asam lemak omega 3 dalam tubuh mulai menipis.&lt;br /&gt;Berikut ini sinyal dari tubuh yang menandakan kekurangan asam lemak omega 3:&lt;br /&gt;-  Ingin menyantap makanan berlemak.-  Terdapat akumulasi kotoran seperti lilin dalam telinga.-  Pusing terkena sinar matahari.-  Kaki kram seusai berjalan.-  Bahu terasa kaku.-  Kuku rapuh-  Mudah marah-  Penyembuhan luka lambat-  Infeksi jamur vagina-  Inflamasi kronis-  Kulit kering dan ketombe Sumber : Senior (31 Maret 2006)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-665932878137047879?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/665932878137047879/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=665932878137047879' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/665932878137047879'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/665932878137047879'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/tanda-tanda-kekurangan-omega-3.html' title='Tanda-Tanda Kekurangan Omega 3'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-5610505240663961653</id><published>2008-11-20T09:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:48:43.481-08:00</updated><title type='text'>10 Kebiasaan yang dapat merusak otak</title><content type='html'>Berikut adalah 10 kebiasaan yang dapat merusak otak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;10 Kebiasaan Yang Dapat Merusak Otak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Tidak Sarapan Pagi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Mereka yang tidak mengkonsumsi sarapan pagi memiliki kadar gula darah yang rendah, yang akibatnya suplai nutrisi ke otak menjadi kurang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Makan Terlalu Banyak&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terlalu banyak makan, apalagi yang kadar lemaknya tinggi, dapat berakibat mengerasnya pembuluh darah otak karena penimbunan lemak pada dinding dalam pembuluh darah. Akibatnya kemampuan kerja otak akan menurun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Merokok&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zat dalam rokok yang terhisap akan mengakibatkan penyusutan otak secara cepat, serta dapat mengakibatkan penyakit Alzheimer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Mengkonsumsi Gula&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Terlalu BanyakKonsumsi gula yang terlalu banyak akan menyebabkan terganggunya penyerapan protein dan nutrisi, sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan gizi yang akan mengganggu perkembangan otak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Polusi Udara&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Otak adalah konsumen oksigen terbesar dalam tubuh manusia. Menghirup udara yang berpolusi menurunkan suplai oksigen ke otak sehingga dapat menurunkan efisiensi otak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Kurang Tidur&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Otak memerlukan tidur sebagai saat beristirahat dan memulihkan kemampuannya. Kekurangan tidur dalam jangka waktu lama akan mempercepat kerusakan sel-sel otak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. Menutup Kepala&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saat TidurKebiasaan tidur dengan menutup kepala meningkatkan konsentrasi zat karbondioksida dan menurunkan konsentrasi oksigen yang dapat menimbulkan efek kerusakan pada otak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8. Menggunakan Pikiran&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Saat SakitBekerja terlalu keras atau memaksakan untuk menggunakan pikiran kita saat sedang sakit dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya efektifitas otak serta dapat merusak otak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9. Kurang Menstimulasi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PikiranBerpikir adalah cara yang paling tepat untuk melatih otak kita. Kurangnya stimulasi pada otak dapat menyebabkan mengkerutnya otak kita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10. Jarang Berkomunikasi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Komunikasi diperlukan sebagai salah satu sarana memacu kemampuan kerja otak. Berkomunikasi secara intelektual dapat memicu efisiensi otak. Jarangnya berkomunikasi akan menyebabkan kemampuan intelektual otak jadi kurang terlatih.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-5610505240663961653?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/5610505240663961653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=5610505240663961653' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5610505240663961653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5610505240663961653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/10-kebiasaan-yang-dapat-merusak-otak.html' title='10 Kebiasaan yang dapat merusak otak'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2966430261658008507</id><published>2008-11-20T09:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:44:38.198-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Foods That Boost Your Immune</title><content type='html'>Foods That Boost Your Immune &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Lupa minum suplemen atau antibiotik demi menjaga kesehatan? Jangan khawatir. Tubuh Anda sudah didesain untuk menyerap kandungan obat yang dihasilkan makanan. Makanan apa sajakah yang mampu mencegah Anda terinfeksi ringan seperti oleh flu? Iriel Parmato membeberkan beberapa diantaranya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;strong&gt;Bawang PutihBawang putih menolong sistem kekebalan tubuh melawan bakteri, virus, bahkan infeksi jamur.&lt;/strong&gt; Ini karena bawang putih mengandung allicin, ajoene dan thiosulfinates. Efek yang dihasilkan ketiga zat tadi kira-kira seperti neosporin saat mengobati luka kecil atau tinactin yang berfungsi sebagai antijamur jika dioleskan di kulit. Seperti yang disebutkan sebuah penelitian, banyak mengonsumsi bawang putih saat terserang flu akan membuat Anda lebih mudah sembuh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;strong&gt;Kerang Jeli moluska dalam kerang yang terdiri dari zat seng (zinc) baik bagi sistem kekebalan tubuh membantu sel darah putih dan antibodi lainnya bereproduksi lebih cepat dan membuatnya lebih agresif melawan infeksi&lt;/strong&gt;. Akan tetapi, mengonsumsi kerang saat flu tidak diperkenankan. Anda juga harus hati-hati mengkonsumsi terlalu banyak zinc menghidarkan absorso zat tembaga dan besi dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan anemia. Konsultasikan dengan dokter jika Anda ingin meningkatkan konsumsi zinc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. WortelWortel mengandung banyak beta karotin sumber energi phytonutrient yang memacu produksi sistem kekebalan tubuh terhadap infeksi sel pembunuh alami dan sel T.&lt;/strong&gt; Sel sehat yang dihasilkan tubuh. Sel ini menyerang tubuh serta membunuh mikroba penyakit. Wortel juga mengandung falcanirol yang menjanjikan sebagai agen anti-kanker. Bagaimana cara mengonsumsi wortel yang baik? Makan wortel mentah-mentah. Lalu, berapa jumlah wortel yang sebaiknya dikonsumsi untuk memberikan manfaat? Cobalah makan setengah cangkir wortel per hari.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Yogurt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tubuh kita membutuhkan bakteri hiduo tertentu agar pencernaan berfungsi secara tepat. Lactobacillus acidophilus merupakan contoh bakter yang bermanfaat itu karena ia menghasilkan asam lactic dalam perut yang membantu Anda mencernakan makanan.&lt;/strong&gt; Tanpa acidophilus kita tidak mampu mengabsorpsi banyak nutrisi, dan sistem kekebalan tubuh kita pun terhenti. Tambahan, acidophilus secara aktif melawan bakteri penyebab penyakit, seperti salmonella dan shigella yang melawan disentri.  Sumber: Area&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2966430261658008507?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2966430261658008507/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2966430261658008507' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2966430261658008507'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2966430261658008507'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/foods-that-boost-your-immune.html' title='Foods That Boost Your Immune'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-497317682378827829</id><published>2008-11-20T09:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:43:08.668-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Tips Mencegah Kanker</title><content type='html'>Mendengar kata kanker pasti yang ada di benak Anda adalah penyakit berbahaya yang sangat mematikan. Anda juga pasti berharap orang-orang tersayang di samping Anda tidak ada yang terserang penyakit mematikan ini.&lt;br /&gt;Sampai saat ini penyebab pasti kanker belum dapat diketahui. Di jaman yang serba mahal ini, kita dituntut supaya bisa memproteksi diri sendiri untuk menghindari terserang penyakit ini salah satunya dengan cara belajar hidup sehat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berikut ada beberapa tips untuk menghindari penyakit kanker, yaitu :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;1.  Berhenti Merokok. Bagi Anda yang perokok entah itu sigaret, cerutu atau rokok pipa, berhenti sekarang juga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Merokok merupakan sebab utama terjadinya kanker paru-paru . Jauhi anak-anak Anda dan ibu-ibu hamil dari asap rokok. karena sangat berbahaya bagi bayi yang dikandung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;2.  Hindari Sinar Matahari. Lindungilah kulit Anda dengan memakai krim tabir surya. Sinar matahari yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan kerusakan pada kulit dan kanker kulit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;3.  Kurangi Makanan Berlemak. Makan makanan berlemak berlebihan menyebabkan kegemukkan yang nantinya akan berhubungan dengan kanker di kandungan, kandung empedu, payudara dan kolon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Diet tinggi secara langsung pun dapat menyebabkan terserang kanker kolon. Lakukan diet yang seimbang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;4.  Banyak Makanan Berserat. Konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung serat seperti gandum, beras, sayuran dan buah-buahan, melindungi anda dari kanker kolorektal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;5.  Kurangi Konsumsi Makanan Yang Diasap, Bakar dan Diawetkan. Konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung serat seperti gandum, beras, sayuran dan buah-buahan, melindungi anda dari kanker kolorektal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.&lt;strong&gt;  Konsumsi Makanan Yang Mengandung Vitamin A dan C. Makanan yang mengandung vit.A dan C banyak terdapat dalam sayuran dan buah-buahan seperti jeruk, pisang, mangga, pepaya, tomat, brokoli yang dapat melindungi Anda dari kanker oesofagus, laring, lambung dan paru&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7.  Perbanyak Konsumsi Sayuran Kubis. Sayuran yang termasuk dalam kubis misalnya kol, brokoli, bunga kol, bok coy dan kale ini dapat melindungi dari kanker lambung, kolesterol dan kanker saluran nafas&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8.  Hindari Minuman Beralkohol. Banyak mengkonsumsi minuman beralkohol plus merokok, beresiko terserang kanker mulut, tenggorokan, laring dan oesofagus&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9.  Periksakan Diri Secara Teratur. Usahakan untuk selalu memeriksakan diri secara teratur sebagai langkah awal mendeteksi penyakit sedini mungkin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Pola Hidup Yang Seimbang. Makan yang cukup dan seimbang gizi. Seimbangkan antara bekerja, istirahat, rekreasi dan berolahraga, serta luangkan waktu Anda untuk selalu mendekatkan diri pada Tuhan dapat mengurangi resiko timbulnya penyakit kanker.&lt;br /&gt;Untuk Anda yang ingin 'jauh' dari kanker, mulailah hidup sehat dari sekarang. Bukankah ada pepatah mencegah lebih baik dari pada mengobati ?  Sumber: hanyawanita.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-497317682378827829?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/497317682378827829/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=497317682378827829' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/497317682378827829'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/497317682378827829'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/tips-mencegah-kanker.html' title='Tips Mencegah Kanker'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-7711339629603887011</id><published>2008-11-20T09:40:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:40:31.937-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Madu, Si Manis yang Manfaat</title><content type='html'>Madu tersusun atas beberapa senyawa gula seperti glukosa dan fruktosa serta sejumlah mineral seperti magnesium, kalium, kalsium, natrium, klor, belerang, besi, dan fosfat. Madu juga mengandung vitamin B1, B2, C, B6 dan B3.&lt;br /&gt;Menurut sumber kepustakaan, setiap 1.000 g madu bernilai 3.280 kalori. Nilai kalori 1 kg madu sama dengan 50 butir telur atau 5,575 l susu, atau 1,680 kg daging.&lt;br /&gt;Manfaat madu yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;* Mudah dicernaKarena molekul gula pada madu dapat berubah menjadi jenis gula lain (misalnya sukrosa menjadi glukosa), madu mudah dicerna oleh perut yang paling sensitif sekalipun, walau memiliki kandungan asam yang tinggi. Madu membantu ginjal dan usus untuk berfungsi lebih baik.&lt;br /&gt;* Menambah tenagaJika dibandingkan dengan jumlah gula yang sama, kandungan kalori madu 40% lebih rendah. Walau memberi energi yang besar, madu tidak menambah berat badan. Kandungan gizi utama madu yang terdiri dari senyawa karbohidrat seperti gula fruktosa (41,0%), glukosa (35%), sukrosa (1,9%), dan dekstrin (1,5%) akan menambah asupan energi yang diperlukan&lt;br /&gt;* Memperlancar fungsi otakJika dicampur dengan air hangat, madu dapat berdifusi ke dalam darah hanya berselang tujuh menit setelah dikonsumsi. Molekul gula bebas dalam madu membuat otak berfungsi lebih baik karena otak merupakan pengonsumsi gula terbesar.&lt;br /&gt;* Membantu pembentukan darahMadu menyediakan banyak energi yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk pembentukan sel darah. Lebih jauh lagi, ia membantu pembersihan darah. Madu berpengaruh positif dalam mengatur dan membantu peredaran darah. Madu juga berfungsi sebagai pelindung terhadap masalah pembuluh kapiler dan arteriosklerosis.&lt;br /&gt;* Membunuh bakteriSifat madu yang membunuh bakteri disebut "efek inhibisi". Penelitian tentang madu menunjukkan bahwa sifat ini meningkat dua kali lipat bila madu diencerkan dengan air.&lt;br /&gt;* Meningkatkan nafsu makan dan mengurangi rasa sakitDari hasil penelitian Y Widiodo (2001), peneliti di Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Gizi Bogor ditemukan bahwa konsumsi madu secara rutin dapat mengurangi kepekaan terhadap rasa sakit, sekaligus memperbaiki nafsu makan balita.&lt;br /&gt;Manfaat kesehatan pemberian madu yang terlihat dalam penelitian tersebut antara lain disebabkan oleh dua hal. Pertama, madu mengandung aneka zat gizi dan gula madu hanya mengandung energi/kalori. Kedua, madu juga mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antibiotik.&lt;br /&gt;* Memenuhi kebutuhan proteinKadar protein dalam madu relatif kecil, sekitar 2,6%. Tapi kandungan asam aminonya cukup beragam, baik asam amino non esensial maupun esensial. Asam amino inilah yang memenuhi kebutuhan protein balita.&lt;br /&gt;* Mengandung zat antibiotikDari penelitian Peter C. Molan (1992), peneliti di Departement of Biological Sciences, University of Waikoto, Hamilton, New Zealand dibuktikan bahwa madu mengandung antibiotik yang aktif melawan serangan berbagai patogen penyebab penyakit. Beberapa penyakit infeksi yang dapat "disembuhkan" dan dihambat dengan mengkonsumsi madu secara teratur, antara lain; batuk, demam, penyakit jantung, gangguan hati, paru-paru, penyakit yang dapat mengganggu fungsi mata, syaraf dan telinga plus infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA).&lt;br /&gt;Uji keaslian madu :&lt;br /&gt;* Mengocok madu dalam botol pengemasnya.Madu asli, biasanya setelah proses pengocokan akan mengeluarkan buih. Karenanya saat madu asli dalam botol, ia akan menekan tutup botol sehingga ketika tutup botol dibuka, maka akan terdengar suara letupan kecil.&lt;br /&gt;* Meneteskan madu pada selembar kertas.Madu yang berkategori palsu biasanya akan lebih mudah diserap oleh kertas karena kadar air yang dikandungnya lebih tinggi dibanding madu asli.&lt;br /&gt;* MencobaIntensitas rasa manis madu palsu terasa lebih "lengket" di lidah. Sebaliknya pada madu asli, selain rasa manis akan ditemukan pula rasa asam mengingat madu asli memiliki tingkat keasaman (pH) sekitar 3,4 - 6,1.  Sumber: conectique.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-7711339629603887011?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/7711339629603887011/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=7711339629603887011' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7711339629603887011'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7711339629603887011'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/madu-si-manis-yang-manfaat.html' title='Madu, Si Manis yang Manfaat'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2644591735472029227</id><published>2008-11-20T09:36:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:45:53.428-08:00</updated><title type='text'>5 Hal yang Anda Tidak Ketahui Tentang Air</title><content type='html'>Banyak yang bilang satu buah apel setiap hari menjauhkan dokter dari Anda, tetapi apa yang dapat dilakukan delapan gelas air untuk tubuh kita? Air memberikan kontribusi penting untuk tubuh.&lt;br /&gt;Hampir semua sel dalam tubuh membutuhkan air untuk berfungsi dengan benar. Tak percaya? Cek fakta berikut.&lt;br /&gt;Berikut lima hal yang Anda tidak tahu tentang air yang akan membuat Anda mulai meminum delapan gelas air per hari.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Karena 80% jaringan otak terdiri dari air, sangatlah penting untuk membuatnya tetap lembab karena dehidrasi dapat menurunkan konsentrasi dan performa otak. Air membantu cairan yang membawa protein dan enzim dalam otak sampai ke tujuan. Air juga mencuci otak dari radikal bebas yang merusak sel dan mengakibatkan berbagai penyakit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Arhtritis (radang sendi), kanker, dan penyakit jantung merupakan penyakit serius yang dapat dicegah dengan minum air. Sambungan antarsendi memiliki bantalan yang menjadi peredam getaran dan melumaso persendian. Jika banyak air tersedia, friksi antar sambungan lebih sedikit dan kemungkinan Anda terkena arthritis semakin berkurang. Air juga membuang racun dari tubuh sehingga meminimalkan risiko terkena kanker. Air juga membuang kelebihan garam pada tubuh yang menjadi penyebab naiknya tekanan darah sehingga mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit jantung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Lapar? Coba minum segelas air. Air tidak mengandung kalori atau lemak dan terbukti sebagai penahan lapar. Air juga mempercepat metabolsime tubuh dan mempercepat pembakaran kalori.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Air membantu produksi cairan ludah yang dapat mencegah lubang pada gigi karena air ludah menetralkan peningkatkan asam pada lapisan enamel gigi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Manusia umumnya kehilangan dua sampai tiga gelas air perhari melalui proses bernapas dan keringat serta empat sampai lima gelas air melalui buang air dan olahraga. Nah, cairan yang hilang tersebut perlu diganti, namun jangan berlebihan. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan masalah pada pencernaan, mual, bahkan koma. Namun tak perlu panik, orang dewasa yang sehat baru bisa overhydrated jika meminum air hingga dua galon dalam sehari.  Sumber: Area&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2644591735472029227?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2644591735472029227/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2644591735472029227' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2644591735472029227'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2644591735472029227'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/5-hal-yang-anda-tidak-ketahui-tentang.html' title='5 Hal yang Anda Tidak Ketahui Tentang Air'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-9207602337436430807</id><published>2008-11-20T09:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:38:16.331-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Manfaat Nanas untuk Kesehatan   Nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr)</title><content type='html'>NANAS&lt;br /&gt;yang kerap dikonsumsi sebagai buah segar dapat tumbuh dan berbuah di dataran tinggi hingga 1.000 meter dpl. Tanaman buah yang tidak menyukai air yang menggenang ini, kini ditanam luas di Indonesia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manfaat Nanas untuk Kesehatan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) yang kerap dikonsumsi sebagai buah segar dapat tumbuh dan berbuah di dataran tinggi hingga 1.000 meter dpl. Tanaman buah yang tidak menyukai air yang menggenang ini, kini ditanam luas di Indonesia. Sentra produksinya terdapat di beberapa daerah seperti Sumatera Utara, Riau, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa Timur.&lt;br /&gt;DI Jawa Barat, misalnya, buah tropis ini ada yang diberi nama nanas madu, yang berarti memiliki kualitas rasa manis setara madu sehingga menggugah selera kita mengonsumsinya lebih banyak.Hingga kini belum banyak masyarakat menyadari manfaat kesehatan di balik buah nanas yang lezat ini. Bahkan, tak jarang buah yang bersisik ini dituduh sebagai penyebab keputihan sehingga tak heran bila banyak perempuan ogah mengonsumsi buah yang satu ini. Padahal, riset terkini menunjukkan nanas sarat dengan antioksidan dan fitokimia yang berkhasiat mengatasi penuaan dini, wasir, kanker, serangan jantung, dan penghalau stres.&lt;br /&gt;Sumber antioksidan&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai salah satu famili Bromeliaceae, buah nanas mengandung vitamin C dan vitamin A (retinol) masing-masing sebesar 24,0 miligram dan 39 miligram dalam setiap 100 gram bahan (Tabel 1). Kedua vitamin sudah lama dikenal memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan yang mampu melindungi tubuh dari berbagai serangan penyakit, termasuk kanker, jantung koroner dan penuaan diri.&lt;br /&gt;Aktivitas antioksidan yang diperankan vitamin C dan A mampu menghambat laju oksidasi molekuler target, yang pada gilirannya dapat menghentikan reaksi berantai pembentukan radikal bebas dalam tubuh yang diyakini sebagai dalang atau provokator berbagai penyakit.&lt;br /&gt;Setiap hari sel-sel tubuh terkena kerusakan oksidatif. DNA yang menjadi pusat informasi genetika dapat menjadi contoh yang setiap hari mendapat tak kurang 10.000 pukulan oksidatif. Belum lagi molekul lain seperti lemak dan protein yang amat rentan terhadap kerusakan oksidatif.&lt;br /&gt;Tubuh manusia amat rentan terhadap pengaruh radikal bebas yang bersumber dari sinar ultraviolet, asap bermotor, dan bahan pengawet makanan. Radikal bebas-suatu molekul atau atom yang amat tidak stabil karena memiliki satu atau lebih elektron tak berpasangan-berbahaya bagi kesehatan karena amat reaktif mencari pasangan elektronnya.&lt;br /&gt;Jika radikal bebas sudah terbentuk dalam tubuh maka akan terjadi reaksi berantai dan menghasilkan radikal bebas baru yang akhirnya jumlahnya terus bertambah. Selanjutnya, akan menyerang sel-sel tubuh sehingga terjadilah berbagai penyakit.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam keadaan normal, radikal bebas selain dibutuhkan tubuh untuk membunuh kuman, ia akan cepat dibuang. Tetapi sialnya, jika jumlahnya banyak dan bertemu dengan asam lemak tak jenuh, yang ada di membran sel, akan menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif dan terjadilah proses penuaan dini dan berbagai penyakit ikutannya.&lt;br /&gt;Hasil penelitian ilmiah menunjukkan kandungan senyawa fenolik-antara lain myricetin, quercitin, tyramine, dan ferulic acid-buah nanas mampu meredam reaksi berantai radikal bebas dalam tubuh, yang pada akhirnya dapat menekan terjadinya penyakit kanker. Berbagai antioksidan alami ini diyakini amat ampuh menghentikan radikal bebas sehingga tak berkeliaran mencari asam lemak tak jenuh dalam sel.&lt;br /&gt;Hal yang sama dilakukan vitamin antioksidan-asam askorbat dan betakarotenoid-yang dapat menstabilkan membran sel lensa (mata) dan mempertahankan konsentrasi glutation tereduksi. Dengan demikian, dapat mencegah reaksi oksidasi lipid pada membran sel lensa sehingga kita dapat terhindar dari katarak.&lt;br /&gt;Bromelin yang secara alami ada dalam buah nanas diyakini dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka operasi serta pembengkakan dan nyeri sendi. Bagi penderita wasir atau ambeien dianjurkan mengonsumsi buah nanas 4-5 kali setiap hari karena bromelinnya dapat menghentikan pendarahan dan serat yang dikandung dapat memperlancar buang air besar.&lt;br /&gt;Mencegah stres&lt;br /&gt;Wen dan Wrolstad dari Jurusan Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Oregon State University (2002) melaporkan sari buah nanas memiliki kandungan serotonin sekitar 1,7 miligram-3,15 miligram/100 gram. Serotonin, selain berperan mencegah kanker juga dapat menghalau stres sebab secara filogenetik adalah suatu neurotransmitter primitif yang berperan dalam menghubungkan makanan dan otak.&lt;br /&gt;Makanan yang rendah kandungan serotonin bila dikonsumsi dalam waktu lama dapat mempengaruhi kandungan serotonin dalam otak sehingga bisa memicu terjadinya stres. Yang jika terjadi pada seseorang dapat menimbulkan berbagai reaksi kimia, hormonal, dan enzimatik.&lt;br /&gt;Muaranya akan meningkatkan denyut jantung dan irama pernapasan, mengirim lebih banyak darah ke otot rangka dan mengubah gula dan lemak menjadi energi. Jika situasi menekan lewat, tubuh akan kembali normal. Namun, bila stres berlangsung lama dan berlebihan bisa membahayakan sistem saraf.&lt;br /&gt;Agar tubuh mampu menghadapi stres yang kerap menghadang dalam kehidupan kita, baik di kantor maupun urusan keluarga, maka kita berkewajiban memasok serotonin ke dalam tubuh. Dengan mengonsumsi buah nanas 200 gram setiap hari secara teratur selama beberapa minggu, tubuh memperoleh manfaat ganda.&lt;br /&gt;Selain kecukupan harian vitamin C sekitar 60 miligram terpenuhi, tubuh yang sudah didakwa mengalami stres berat juga dapat normal kembali dan sekaligus dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah sebesar 10 persen. Maka dengan lebih rajin mengonsumsi buah nanas, tubuh memiliki peluang untuk awet muda dan terhindar dari penyakit yang terkait dengan penuaan dini seperti stres, kanker, dan jantung koroner.&lt;br /&gt;Posman Sibuea Peserta Program Doktor Ilmu Pangan UGM, Lektor Kepala Jurusan THP Unika Santo Thomas SU Medan&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-9207602337436430807?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/9207602337436430807/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=9207602337436430807' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/9207602337436430807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/9207602337436430807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/manfaat-nanas-untuk-kesehatan-nanas.html' title='Manfaat Nanas untuk Kesehatan   Nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr)'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2480191063599264999</id><published>2008-11-20T09:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:35:35.891-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Omega-3 dan Omega-6 untuk Kesehatan Jantung</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt; Tubuh manusia terdiri dari lemak, protein, dan karbohidrat, yang jumlahnya sekitar 38% dan sisanya air. Sebagian besar lemak berupa trigliserida, yaitu ester gliserol dengan tiga jenis asam lemak yang sama atau berbeda.Beberapa jenis asam lemak dalam tubuh dapat dikelompokkan menjadi asam lemak tak jenuh jamak yang dikenal sebagai PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid). Itu kelompok asam lemak yang sangat penting bagi kesehatan manusia dan tidak dapat diganti senyawa lain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PUFA terdiri dari induk asam lemak esensial atau esential fatty acid (EFA) dan asam lemak tidak jenuh turunannya yang berantai panjang atau long chain more unsaturated derivatives (LCPUFA). EFA tidak dapat disentesa denovo (dalam tubuh) manusia. Karena itu, EFA harus menjadi bagian dari menu yang dikonsumsi.&lt;br /&gt;Ada dua kelompok PUFA yaitu n-6 atau Omega-6 dan n-3 atau Omega-3, yang berturut-turut disintesa dari asam linoleat (LA) serta asam alpha linolenat (ALNA). Peran EFA sudah diungkapkan sejak tahun 1929, tetapi banyak terfokus pada Omega-6. Baru tahun 1970-an peran Omega-3 mulai dianggap penting berdasarkan penelitian terhadap orang-orang Eskimo yang banyak makan ikan. Kini baik Omega-6, Omega-3, dan Omega-9, terbukti berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, serta mencegah beberapa penyakit kronis.&lt;br /&gt;Metabolisme Pufa&lt;br /&gt;LA dan ALNA melalui proses desaturasi dan elonggasi di dalam sel tubuh manusia diubah berturut-turut menjadi long chain n-6 PUFA (Omega-6) dan long chain n-3 PUFA (Omega-3).&lt;br /&gt;Dalam proses konversi LA dan ALNA, terjadi suatu kompetisi yang ketat untuk memperebutkan enzim yang sama. Secara alami ALNA (Omega-3) memiliki daya afinitas yang lebih tinggi untuk mendapatkannya.&lt;br /&gt;Long chain n-6 PUFA yang paling penting adalah di homo gamma linoleat (DHGLA) dan arachidonic acid (AA). Senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa cikal bakal eicosanoids seri 4 seri 2.&lt;br /&gt;Long chain n-3 PUFA yang paling penting adalah eicosapentaenoic acid (EFA) dan decohexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA dapat dikonversi kembali menjadi EPA, cikal bakal tiga seri eicosanoids.&lt;br /&gt;Fungsi utama EFA, LC n-6 PUFA dan LC n-3 PUFA adalah sebagai komponen struktural dan fungsional dari membran sel. Karena itu, mereka sangat esensial bagi pembentukan tenunan atau jaringan tubuh.&lt;br /&gt;Tingkat atau kadar LC n-6 PUFA dan LC n-3 PUFA dalam membran dan rasionya sangat mempengaruhi proses biologis, misalnya fluiditas membran, transportasi zat gizi, aktivitas enzim yang melekat pada membran, fungsi reseptor baik secara langsung maupun melalui produksi eicosanoids dan leukotriene.&lt;br /&gt;Menanggapi rangsangan yang berbeda-beda, AA dan EPA dalam membran berkompetisi terhadap enzim cyclo oxygenases dan lipoxygenases lalu diubah menjadi senyawa eicosanoids seperti (progtaglandin, thrombo-xanes, dan leukotriene) dari 2 dan 3 seri.&lt;br /&gt;Senyawa-senyawa tersebut memiliki fungsi bio-regulatory penting. Eicosanoids dari AA bersifat melawan tugas-tugas metabolisme yang harus diemban oleh EPA. Karena alasan itu, keseimbangan konsumsi Omega-6 (n-6) dan Omega-3 PUFA penting bagi kesehatan.&lt;br /&gt;PUFA dan CVD&lt;br /&gt;Coronary Vascular Disease (CVD) sering disamakan dengan Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) atau penyakit jantung koroner. Dalam pengembangan CVD baik aterosklerosis dan thrombosis diketahui besar perannya.&lt;br /&gt;Di masa lampau, program pencegahan CVD difokuskan pada bagaimana menurunkan tingkat serum kolesterol, terutama LDL, dengan cara mereduksi konsumsi total lemak khususnya lemak jenuh serta kolesterol dan meningkatkan konsumsi PUFA.&lt;br /&gt;Nasihat yang diberikan biasanya berupa penggantian lemak hewani dengan minyak nabati. Meskipun minyak nabati merupakan sumber yang baik bagi asam linoleat (AA) Omega-6 tidak semuanya dapat mengadakan ALNA (Omega-3) kecuali minyak kedelai dan canala.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam pathogenesis CVD beberapa faktor risiko metabolisme seperti tekanan darah tinggi, serum HDL rendah, kolesterol rendah, LDL tinggi. LDL sangat peka terhadap oksidasi status anti-oksidan dalam darah rendah, serta insulin resistant syndrome (sindrom x) terlibat di dalamnya. LA sendiri tidak mampu menjawab tantangan itu. Penelitian yang dilakukan Bang dan Dyerberg memperlihatkan bahwa rendahnya mortalitas akibat CVD-walau konsumsi lemak tinggi-di Eskimo dapat disebabkan karena besarnya konsumsi long chain n-3 PUFA yang berasal dari pangan hasil laut dalam menu mereka.&lt;br /&gt;Sejak saat itu studi epidemiologi lain mengonfirmasikan bahwa konsumsi ikan secara reguler akan menurunkan risiko CVD. Bila manusia mengonsumsi ikan atau minyak ikan, maka EPA dan DHA sebagian akan mengganti LC n-6 PUFA terutama AA dalam membran sel.&lt;br /&gt;Maka hal positif yang terjadi adalah:&lt;br /&gt;a. Turunnya produksi thromboxane A, suatu platelet agregator dan vasoconstrictor yang besar potensinya, menurunkan produksi prostaglandin E2, dan leukotriene B4.&lt;br /&gt;b. Meningkatkan konsentrasi prostaglandin E3 (baik PGI2 dan PGI3 sama-sama aktif vasodilatator dan inhibitor dari platelet agregasi), meningkatkan konsentrasi leukotriene B5, inducer inflaniatier, dan chemotaxis yang rendah.&lt;br /&gt;Karena alasan tersebut, meningkatkan Omega-3 dalam membran dapat menghasilkan anti-inflamatory, anti-agregatory, dan vasodilator efek asam lemak. Omega-3 telah dibuktikan memiliki daya potensi hypotriglyceridemic efek, menurunkan lipemia dan postprandial mencegah ventricular arrhythmian, yang berakibat terjadinya kematian yang tiba-tiba.&lt;br /&gt;Rekomendasi&lt;br /&gt;Masyarakat sebaiknya mengonsumsi menu:&lt;br /&gt;Rendah asam lemak jenuh (saturated fatty acid) yang banyak terdapat dalam lemak hewani yang telah terhidrogenisasi serta rendah kolesterol.&lt;br /&gt;Mengonsumsi Omega-6 dan Omega-3 yang seimbang.&lt;br /&gt;Mengonsumsi cukup anti-oksidan.&lt;br /&gt;Karena asam lemak jenuh dan kolesterol rendah yang terkandung dalam menu makanan akan merendahkan kolesterol LDL, anti-oksidan yang cukup akan mencegah oksidasi LDL kolesterol dan keseimbangan Omega-6 dan Omega-3 dalam sel membran akan dapat memastikan fungsi optimal bagi daya pertahanan utama tubuh manusia (koagulasi darah, infaination, unmunological) dan memastikan efisiensi insulin.&lt;br /&gt;Yang kini banyak dianjurkan adalah konsumsi Omega-6 3-8% energi dan Omega-3 0,5-2,5% energi. Rasio Omega-6 dan Omega-3 adalah 5:1 sampai 10:1.&lt;br /&gt;Peningkatan Omega-6 akan meningkatkan pembentukan prostaglandin, thrombroan, leukotriene, hydroxy fatty acid, lipoxin yang jauh lebih tinggi dibanding Omega-3 atau EPA.&lt;br /&gt;(FG Winarno, Guru Besar Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2480191063599264999?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2480191063599264999/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2480191063599264999' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2480191063599264999'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2480191063599264999'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/omega-3-dan-omega-6-untuk-kesehatan.html' title='Omega-3 dan Omega-6 untuk Kesehatan Jantung'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-7516291198859491420</id><published>2008-11-20T09:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:24:49.693-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Delapan KIAT Hindari Kegemukan!</title><content type='html'>Masalah kegemukan selalu dikaitkan pada keturunan. Padahal, kegemukan lebih sering diakibatkan oleh kebiasaan makan yang kurang sehat dan kurang berolahraga. Delapan kiat sederhana berikut mudah-mudahan berguna untuk mengatasinya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menurut F.G. Winarno, ilmuwan senior dari IPB, menjaga berat badan yang sehat seharusnya sudah dimulai sejak bayi lahir. Bayi harus dijaga agar tidak terlalu gemuk.&lt;br /&gt;Bayi dan anak-anak yang pertumbuhannya lebih dipercayakan kepada pembantu biasanya mengalami pertumbuhan terlalu cepat, salah satu di antaranya adalah terlalu gemuk. Tragisnya, banyak ibu yang justru merasa bahagia melihat anaknya endut sekali. Padahal, anak-anak yang terlalu gemuk akan memiliki sel lemak yang berlipat ganda sejak bayi. Jumlah sel lemak tersebut akan dipertahankan sampai tua. Bila kelak dewasa dan makan terlalu banyak, sel-sel tersebut mudah mengembang. Badan mudah menjadi gemuk dan kelak dapat berkembang menjadi obesitas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Problem Nasional&lt;br /&gt;Di Amerika Serikat (AS), penanggulangan dan pengobatan terhadap gejala obesitas ternyata sangat sulit dilakukan.&lt;br /&gt;Kadar kegagalannya sekitar 90-95 persen. Padahal, hasil penelitian yang dilakukan National Obesity Forum menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan penelitian psikologi, anak-anak yang kegemukan memiliki kecenderungan angka lebih rendah terhadap kebahagiaan, kepuasan, dan kepercayaan diri dibandingkan dengan anak yang sehat dan langsing.&lt;br /&gt;Tak seperti di Indonesia yang belum menjadi masalah nasional, para aktivis kesehatan di AS mengampanyekan agar segera dilakukan tindakan nyata untuk mengatasi peningkatan kasus obesitas atau kegemukan. Apalagi setelah muncul laporan bahwa kondisi kegemukan di dunia telah mencapai tingkat yang membahayakan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam data National Obesity Forum disebutkan bahwa kegemukan saat ini menyumbangkan hingga 30.000 kematian per tahun, demikian pemberitaan situs internet Gloria Cyber Ministries. Ian Campbell, ketua National Obesity Forum, mengatakan, "Kegemukan adalah salah satu masalah besar dan banyak dokter yang enggan untuk menyisihkan waktu dan energi mereka untuk mengendalikan angka kegemukan ini."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata Campbell, ada banyak alasan untuk masalah ini. Misalnya, banyak dokter yang belum menerima atau mengerti bahwa kegemukan termasuk juga salah satu penyakit serius.&lt;br /&gt;Kasus kegemukan juga menjadi masalah besar terutama pada anak-anak di negara yang ekonominya sudah maju atau berkembang. Di Singapura misalnya, 13 persen anak-anak usia sekolah (6-12 tahun) mengalami kegemukan atau obesitas. Keadaan yang sama terjadi di Malaysia, Hong Kong, dan juga dialami masyarakat Indonesia di daerah perkotaan yang makmur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika langkah-langkah nyata untuk mengatasi kegemukan itu tak dilakukan, diperkirakan satu dari lima pria dan sekitar seperempat dari seluruh wanita yang ada dapat mengalami kegemukan dalam tiga tahun mendatang. Prof. Philip James, Ketua The International Obesity TaskForce, mengatakan hal paling penting adalah mengatasi kegemukan di usia anak-anak dengan segera.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Memicu Osteoporosis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David Ludwig dari rumah sakit anak-anak di Boston, seperti dikutip Reuters, menemukan bahwa 57 persen anak-anak mengonsumsi minuman ringan di hampir setiap hidangan. Dampaknya, mereka menjadi kekurangan kalsium.&lt;br /&gt;Suatu penelitian yang diterbitkan pada Februari 2001 misalnya, menemukan anak-anak perempuan yang meminum banyak soda akan kekurangan kalsium. Dampaknya, mereka akan mengalami osteoporosis di masa tua.&lt;br /&gt;Untuk menghindarkan diri dari kecenderungan menjadi gemuk perlu diingat bahwa lemak di piring kita sebagian besar akan disimpan menjadi lemak di dalam tubuh. Dengan demikian, tubuh dapat menjadi cepat gemuk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;Berikut beberapa kiat yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghindari kegemukan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Jangan yang digoreng.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Masaklah mi dalam air, jangan digoreng. Begitu juga dengan nasi. Sajikan nasi yang ditanak/dikukus, jangan yang digoreng. Memilih daging juga lebih baik yang dipanggang. Kunyah perlahan. Kunyahlah makanan secara perlahan-lahan dan cobalah menikmati makanan sewaktu berada dalam mulut. Dengan demikian akan menyebabkan lambung cepat kenyang dan membantu mencegah makan terlalu banyak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Nasihat lama yang masih boleh diikuti, kunyahlah makanan setidaknya 32 kali sebelum menelannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Ambil sedikit. Ambillah makanan pertama sedikit mungkin ke dalam piring Anda. Tambah sedikit demi sedikit bila masih lapar. Cara ini dilakukan agar Anda tidak merasa terpaksa harus menghabiskan makanan yang sudah berada di piring. Tinggalkan meja setelah selesai. Diimbau untuk segera meninggalkan meja makan setelah selesai dan jangan dilanjutkan dengan mengobrol. Ini dilakukan untuk menghindarkan diri dari iseng atau keinginan ngemil dan mengambil makanan dari sana-sini sehingga tak terasa perut menjadi terlalu kenyang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Hindari kadar gula dan lemak tinggi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hindari makanan berkadar gula dan lemak tinggi seperti cake cokelat, kue-kue (pastries), lemak hewan, mentega, fullcream milk, jeroan, dan lain-lain. Konsumsi banyak buah. Mengonsumsi banyak buah-buahan, sayuran, biji-bijian, kacang-kacangan, dan karbohidrat dapat menjaga jumlah kalori yang masuk agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Waspadai minuman bersoda. Anak-anak yang mengonsumsi minuman ringan bergula berisiko tinggi mengalami kegemukan&lt;/strong&gt;. Laporan para peneliti Amerika yang diterbitkan oleh The British Medical Journal The Lancet, remaja AS perlu segera mengurangi minuman bersoda dan junk food yang berisiko mengganggu kesehatan. "Kami menemukan selalu ada minuman ringan di setiap hidangan tambahan, dan risiko kegemukan meningkat kira-kira 50 persen," kata Ludwig. Kurangi menonton televisi. "Kegemukan pada anak-anak diakibatkan oleh banyak faktor. Tidak ditekankan hanya pada satu faktor, yaitu minuman ringan dan masalah gizi, melainkan juga kebiasaan seperti menonton televisi," ungkap Ludwig. Membanjirnya acara di televisi, termasuk film-film kartun dan telenovela, membuat anak-anak dan ibu rumah tangga semakin lama duduk di depan televisi sambil ngemil. Keadaan demikian mendorong tubuh kurang gerak dan mudah menjadi gemuk.&lt;br /&gt;Dari 4.771 wanita yang diteliti di Singapura, mereka yang menonton televisi tiga sampai empat jam sehari berpeluang dua kali lipat menjadi gemuk dibanding kelompok yang jarang menonton televisi. @ Donny Anggoro&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-7516291198859491420?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/7516291198859491420/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=7516291198859491420' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7516291198859491420'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7516291198859491420'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/delapan-kiat-hindari-kegemukan.html' title='Delapan KIAT Hindari Kegemukan!'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4971113159662245637</id><published>2008-11-20T09:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:04:42.136-08:00</updated><title type='text'>His Money Personality</title><content type='html'>Respons lelaki terhadap uang banyak dipengaruhi oleh kepribadiannya. Yuk, cari tahu seperti apa kepribadian keuangan si dia dan caranya mengelola uang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BIG SPENDER Ciri-cirinya:&lt;/strong&gt; Ia sangat peduli penampilan dan ingin diakui dunia dengan statement itu. Ia menyukai mobil bagus, gadget baru, dan pakaian bermerek. Pokoknya lelaki ini tak bisa melewatkan kesempatan memiliki telepon seluler tercanggih, TV Plasma terbesar atau sebuah hunian yang bagus. Ketika belanja ia super royal dan ogah menawar. Ia memang sangat nyaman dalam mengeluarkan uang. Bahkan ia tidak takut berutang dan sering mengambil risiko tinggi ketika berinvestasi.&lt;br /&gt;Jika Anda pasangannya: Cukup sulit menghentikan kebiasaan lelaki ini. Yang bisa Anda lakukan hanyalah menyadarkannya akan tujuan hidup jangka panjang dan bukan sekadar kepuasan atau kesenangan sesaat.&lt;br /&gt;Sebelum pasangan memburu barang-barang terbaru dan mahal, coba tanyakan seberapa penting barang itu baginya. Jika jawabannya tidak terlalu penting, mintalah ia menunda atau membatalkan pembelian itu. Dengan cara ini, ia akan belajar membatasi pengeluaran untuk hal-hal yang tidak perlu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3366ff;"&gt;SAVERCiri-cirinya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Kebalikan dari si big spender, tipe ini mirip paman Gober, senang mengumpulkan uang dan cermat dalam setiap pengeluaran. Ia senang mematikan lampu ketika meninggalkan ruangan, menutup pintu lemari es sesegera mungkin untuk membuatnya tetap dingin dan tidak cepat rusak. Bahkan saking hematnya, dia jarang membeli pakaian atau barang terbaru. Berbelanja hanya saat perlu saja dan jarang menggunakan kartu kredit.&lt;br /&gt;Biasanya lelaki tipe ini tidak memiliki utang. Makanya ia sering dianggap pelita hati alias pelit. Kepuasannya lebih banyak didapat dari membaca besarnya nominal di rekening banknya. Ia adalah lelaki konservatif dan tidak berani mengambil risiko tinggi dalam berinvestasi.&lt;br /&gt;Jika Anda pasangannya: Ajaklah pasangan sedikit bersenang-senang agar hidupnya tidak selalu diisi dengan menghitung uang. Jangan biarkan segala kesenangan dalam hidup lewat begitu saja hanya karena ia ingin berhemat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;SHOPPER  Ciri-cirinya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Tidak seperti laki-laki lain yang malas diajak ke mal, laki-laki ini selalu bersemangat menerima ajakan Anda shopping. Kepuasan terbesar lelaki ini memang didapat dari berbelanja karena kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu hiburannya. Bedanya dengan big spender, shopper biasanya sadar dengan kecanduannya membeli barang-barang. Ia bahkan menyadari utang yang dibuat saat berbelanja. Itu sebabnya, ia senang mencari tawaran diskon atau membeli dengan cara menawar.la akan merasa sangat puas ketika usahanya mendapatkan barang itu berhasil.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam berinvestasi, shopper lebih terbuka. Ia akan merelakan uangnya (meski sedikit) untuk di investasikan secara teratur. Bahkan ketika ia mendapatkan bonus atau warisan pun, sebagian akan diinvestasikan. Namun ada juga lelaki tipe ini yang memandang investasi sebagai sesuatu yang perlu dilakukan nanti saja.&lt;br /&gt;Jika Anda pasangannya: Buka saja matanya dengan gambaran bunga kartu kredit yang bisa mencekik lehernya. Dengan begitu, ia akan mulai berpikir sebelum berbelanja hal yang tidak perlu dengan kartunya itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff6666;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DEBTOR  Ciri-cirinya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: Ia sering kali tidak  berpikir panjang ketika mengeluarkan uang. Uang di dompet bisa menguap begitu saja tanpa dia tahu apa yang dibeli dan di mana ia membelanjakan uangnya. Lelaki tipe ini umumnya mengeluarkan uang lebih banyak dari yang ia miliki. Itu sebabnya, ia terjerumus dalam utang berkepanjangan.  Bagaimana dengan investasi? Jangan ditanya. Jika uang tunai saja ia hampir tidak punya, apalagi investasi.&lt;br /&gt;Jika Anda pasangannya: Anda harus membantu dia untuk mengatur keuangannya. Sedikit demi sedikit kenali dia dengan investasi, setidaknya dalam bentuk tabungan. Bantuan Anda atau financial planner profesional akan sangat membantu karena ia takkan bisa melakukan semua itu sendirian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;INVESTOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ciri-cirinya: Nah, tipe ini sangat peduli dengan uang. Ia hanya membeli barang yang dibutuhkan. la tahu benar bagaimana membuat uang bekerja untuknya. Prinsip hidupnya, daripada menghamburkan uang atau melihat uang hanya 'diam'di tabungan dan tak berkembang, ia akan memilih memutarnya sebagai passive investment untuk menutup semua pengeluarannya setiap bulan.&lt;br /&gt;Meskipun begitu, aksi lelaki ini banyak dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran yang hati-hati. Investasi yang ia lakukan pun merupakan refleksi akan kebutuhan-kebutuhannya di masa sekarang dan masa depan.&lt;br /&gt;Jika Anda pasangannya: Selamat! Hidup Anda akan sangat sejahtera dan menyenangkan bersama lelaki tipe ini. Anda bisa belajar banyak cara mengatur uang darinya.&lt;br /&gt;Erma Dwi Kusumastuti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;a href="http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/10/11244619/his.money.personality"&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/10/11244619/his.money.personality&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4971113159662245637?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4971113159662245637/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4971113159662245637' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4971113159662245637'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4971113159662245637'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/his-money-personality.html' title='His Money Personality'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-2596780919664224898</id><published>2008-11-20T08:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T09:02:29.510-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Trauma Masa Kecil dan Masa Depan Anak</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWXpV6GbFI/AAAAAAAAAG0/AQpWDETnhoQ/s1600-h/trauma+anank.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270785675418299474" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 298px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 225px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWXpV6GbFI/AAAAAAAAAG0/AQpWDETnhoQ/s320/trauma+anank.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Oleh : Sawitri Supardi Sadarjoen, psikolog&lt;br /&gt;BANYAK perempuan bertahan dan mempertahankan perkawinannya karena pertimbangan akan masa depan anak, walaupun dari perkawinan itu sendiri perempuan tidak memperoleh haknya akan kebahagiaan diri.&lt;br /&gt;Sampai hari ini, setelah hidup bersama sebagai istri selama 27 tahun, saya tidak pernah merasakan apa arti hidup bahagia.&lt;br /&gt;Memang dari segi materi dapat dikatakan cukup berlimpah, tetapi dari segi mental saya benar-benar terpuruk. Kecuali perlakuannya terhadap saya, suami saya pun tidak peduli akan kebutuhan kehangatan kasih yang saya dambakan. Kalaupun saya bertahan dalam perkawinan ini hanyalah karena ketiga anak saya.&lt;br /&gt;Suami saya memang pengusaha yang berhasil, tetapi dia sangat egois dan kalau bicara atau berkomentar seenak sendiri, sama sekali tidak memerhatikan perasaan orang lain, apalagi terhadap saya dan anak-anak. Yang amat saya sesali adalah dia begitu kejam terhadap anak laki-laki nomor satu. Sejak sekitar usia dua tahun setengah kalau anak nakal (yang sebetulnya kenakalan biasa atau agak rewel saat tidak enak badan), maka tanpa segan anak disabet dengan lidi sampai badannya bilur-bilur. Saat anak itu sekitar usia tiga tahun, tiba-tiba anak itu menjerit menangis keras dengan suara ketakutan. Waktu itu saya sedang menyusui adiknya yang baru usia tiga minggu. Saya bergegas bangun untuk melihat apa yang terjadi, Bu.&lt;br /&gt;Anak itu disiram air dan sedang diangkat akan dimasukkan ke bak mandi. Hal itu terjadi pada sekitar pukul tujuh malam. Ia rewel karena mengantuk dan suami saya terganggu konsentrasinya, sementara dia sedang menyelesaikan pembukuan perusahaan kami.&lt;br /&gt;Anak itu langsung saya rebut dari tangannya. Saya sedih, Ibu, karena sejak saat itu anak pertama saya tersebut takut sekali bila didekati ayahnya.&lt;br /&gt;Apalagi saat anak menjelang remaja, semakin kejam pula cara ayahnya menghukum. Anak disuruh berdiri menghadap tembok dan dipukul dengan ikat pinggang beberapa kali, sambil dicaci maki dengan kata-kata kasar, seperti anak bodoh, goblok, tolol.&lt;br /&gt;Sedih saya, Bu, bila mengingat bagaimana anak saya dihukum ayahnya. Sebenarnya saat suami saya sedang tenang, saya sering menyarankan untuk tidak menghukum anak pertamanya dengan cara kejam seperti itu, tetapi dia selalu berdalih bahwa tanpa digembleng dengan keras dan kejam seperti itu, anak itu akan manja dan tidak bisa kerja.&lt;br /&gt;Akibat hukuman tersebut, anak saya jadi pendiam, kurang berani, kurang inisiatif. Kecuali itu, rupanya diam-diam anak tersebut juga dendam terhadap ayahnya sehingga sampai saat ini (usia 26 tahun) selalu menghindarkan diri dari komunikasi dengan ayahnya.&lt;br /&gt;Ia pun sama sekali tidak tertarik dengan perusahaan ayahnya. Saya khawatir, karena siapa lagi yang akan menggantikan ayahnya meneruskan perusahaan yang sudah sedemikian besar bila bukan anak itu. Saya bingung, tetapi tidak tahu mau berbuat apa, sementara semakin tua karakter suami saya semakin tidak menyenangkan.” Demikianlah keluhan Ny D (53).&lt;br /&gt;Analisis&lt;br /&gt;Dari ungkapan Ny D, sebenarnya ada dua masalah yang diutarakan. Yang pertama adalah masalah kehidupan perkawinannya yang sama sekali tidak membuat Ny D merasa bahagia karena cara suaminya berkomunikasi tidak membuatnya merasa nyaman, bahkan sering merasa terpojok dan terdiam seribu basa.&lt;br /&gt;Persoalan kedua adalah masalah anak sulungnya yang sangat membenci ayahnya dan menghindari komunikasi dengan ayahnya, padahal dialah satu-satunya pewaris perusahaan keluarga di kemudian hari karena kedua anak lainnya perempuan.&lt;br /&gt;Pola asuh yang diterapkan Tn D terhadap anaknya adalah dominan, otoriter, keras, dan kejam. Anak akan menderita pengalaman traumatis oleh perlakuan ayah dan menyisakan luka batin mendalam.&lt;br /&gt;Ada dua kemungkinan sikap mental eksesif yang akan berkembang oleh pengalaman traumatis masa kecil anak:&lt;br /&gt;(1). Bila pada dasarnya anak berwatak keras, ia pun kelak akan meniru dan menjadikan karakter ayahnya sebagai bagian dari dirinya. Ia akan menjadi orang yang berkepribadian dominan, keras, bahkan sadis-agresif dan tidak mampu berkompromi dengan lingkungan.&lt;br /&gt;(2). Bila pada dasarnya dia berwatak lemah, ia akan menjadi berkepribadian submisif, cenderung menempatkan diri di bawah otoritas orang lain, tidak berani berkata ”tidak” (tidak asertif), terkesan menunggu inisiatif orang lain, bahkan tidak berani mengambil keputusan, baik bagi lingkungannya maupun bagi dirinya sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Apa pun reaksi eksesifnya, kedua peluang perkembangan kepribadian yang eksesif tersebut tetap akan menyisakan rasa dendam kesumat, kebencian yang intens terhadap ayahnya.&lt;br /&gt;Perbedaannya, pada reaksi eksesif yang pertama, dendam kesumat dimunculkan dalam perilaku agresif-sadistis pada lingkungan. Anak akan dengan mudah terpicu mengungkap reaksi agresif yang terkadang destruktif.&lt;br /&gt;Sementara reaksi eksesif yang kedua muncul dalam bentuk sikap tidak berani ambil inisiatif, tetapi bersifat pasif-agresif, yaitu sikap diam, tetapi bergeming, artinya bertahan pada sikap perlawanan tidak tergoyahkan, kaku, dan tidak fleksibel.&lt;br /&gt;Makian, cercaan menyakitkan hati, dan merendahkan harga diri anak, apalagi disertai hukuman fisik yang berlebihan, hanya akan menyisakan dendam kesumat eksesif terebut di atas kemudian hari. Jadi, mengapa kita tidak mencari tahu tentang cara menghukum anak yang bersifat mendidik?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;a href="http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/17/17364487/trauma.masa.kecil.dan.masa.depan.anak"&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/17/17364487/trauma.masa.kecil.dan.masa.depan.anak&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-2596780919664224898?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/2596780919664224898/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=2596780919664224898' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2596780919664224898'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/2596780919664224898'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/trauma-masa-kecil-dan-masa-depan-anak.html' title='Trauma Masa Kecil dan Masa Depan Anak'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWXpV6GbFI/AAAAAAAAAG0/AQpWDETnhoQ/s72-c/trauma+anank.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4957100867774961970</id><published>2008-11-20T08:56:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:57:48.655-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pekerjaan Sesuai Tipe Kepribadian</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWWxUOMvyI/AAAAAAAAAGs/knH9mTT1InU/s1600-h/tipe+pribadi.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270784712893054754" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 151px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWWxUOMvyI/AAAAAAAAAGs/knH9mTT1InU/s200/tipe+pribadi.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;Berdasarkan teori John Holland, seperti dijelaskan dalam situs Career Key, umumnya manusia dibedakan dalam 6 tipe kepribadian yaitu &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Enterprising dan Conventional. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;1. Tipe Realistik digambarkan sebagai orang yang memiliki skill bekerja dengan mesin, alat atau binatang. Umumnya menghindari aktivitas sosial seperti mengajar, penyembuhan dan penyuluh. Orang dengan tipe kepribadian seperti ini biasanya melihat diri mereka sebagai pribadi yang praktis, mekanis dan realistis. Contoh pekerjaan dalam lingkup ini adalah engineer, pilot atau petugas polisi. &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Tipe investigative diuraikan sebagai orang yang gemar dan pandai memecahkan masalah. Mereka biasanya menghindari pekerjaan yang sifatnya memimpin, menjual atau memersuasi orang lain. Tipe ini melihat dirinya sebagai seorang yang presisi, scientific dan intelektual. Contohnya ahli kimia, dokter gigi, physician, ahli matematik. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Tipe Artistik suka melakukan aktivitas seni, drama, keterampilan tangan, menulis sastra. Umumnya, tipe ini menghindari aktivitas yang rutin, berulang serta pekerjaan yang sifatnya highly ordered. Tipe ini melihat dirinya sebagai pribadi yang ekspresif, orisinal dan independen. Contohnya, desainer pakaian, penari, komposer, editor buku, dan graphic designer. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Tipe Sosial suka menolong sesama serta pandai melakukan kegiatan seperti mengajar, konseling, merawat atau memberi informasi. Mereka biasanya menghindari pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan mesin, alat atau binatang untuk mencapai suatu maksud. Tipe ini melihat dirinya sebagai pribadi yang suka menolong, bersahabat dan bisa dipercaya. Contohnya guru, konselor, perawat, pekerja sosial. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Tipe Enterprising suka memimpin, memengaruhi orang lain dan menjual gagasan. Umumnya menghindari aktivitas yang membutuhkan observasi mendalam dan pemikiran analitis. Tipe ini melihat dirinya sebagai pribadi yang enerjik, ambisius dan bisa bersosialisasi. Contohnya, sales, agen real estate, pengacara, hakim, manajer hotel. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Tipe Conventional suka bekerja dengan angka-angka, berkas-berkas dan segala yang serbateratur. Menghindari aktivitas yang tidak terstruktur dan "tidak jelas". Tipe ini melihat dirinya sebagai pribadi yang teratur dan mengikuti sistem yang sudah baku. Contoh, sekretaris, teller bank.&lt;br /&gt;Nah, Anda termasuk tipe yang mana?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;a href="http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/08/01/12124195/pekerjaan.sesuai.tipe.kepribadian"&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/08/01/12124195/pekerjaan.sesuai.tipe.kepribadian&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4957100867774961970?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4957100867774961970/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4957100867774961970' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4957100867774961970'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4957100867774961970'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/pekerjaan-sesuai-tipe-kepribadian.html' title='Pekerjaan Sesuai Tipe Kepribadian'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWWxUOMvyI/AAAAAAAAAGs/knH9mTT1InU/s72-c/tipe+pribadi.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-5327879741782041511</id><published>2008-11-20T08:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:50:17.758-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Cara menghilang stress</title><content type='html'>Kita sering berada dalam situasi harus bisa segera meredakan stres. Tenang saja, ada kok cara yang mudah dan cepat untuk usir stres. Hanya butuh semenit untuk mengontrol ketika stres mulai datang.&lt;br /&gt;Begini caranya:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Mendengarkan musikSaat bangun tidur, jangan langsung mendengarkan stasiun radio berita yang bakal menyiarkan segala bencana di negeri kita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Itu sudah pasti menambah parah stres. Mulailah hari dengan mendengarkan musik favorit Anda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;MenciumSejumlah penelitian membuktikan bahwa mencium aroma menyenangkan dapat memperbaiki suasana hati&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Keluarkan tungku terapi aroma dan bakar beberapa tetes minyak esensial kesukaan ketika gejala-gejala stres mulai mendera. Itu pasti membantu Anda rileks di rumah dan tempat kerja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;3. MenangisIni cara paling manusiawi untuk meringankan stres. Sekitar 85 persen wanita mengaku merasa agak membaik setelah menangis. Kenapa? Air mata membebaskan kimia tubuh yang dibentuk selama periode stres berlangsung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. BicaraKetika stres menyerang, segera bicaralah dengan teman sehingga membuat Anda jauh dari situasi tegang. Ini akan membuat Anda merasa lebih baik dan membantu Anda untuk rileks&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-5327879741782041511?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/5327879741782041511/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=5327879741782041511' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5327879741782041511'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/5327879741782041511'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/cara-mengjilang-stress.html' title='Cara menghilang stress'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-3030463987508106748</id><published>2008-11-20T08:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:46:11.833-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Kacang Busuk, Picu Kanker!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWUJnX0-VI/AAAAAAAAAGk/3S2oBw08Go4/s1600-h/makanan].jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270781831815690578" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 298px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 225px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWUJnX0-VI/AAAAAAAAAGk/3S2oBw08Go4/s320/makanan%5D.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sabtu, 8 November 2008  12:19 WIB&lt;br /&gt;JAKARTA,SABTU - Kanker masih menjadi penyakit yang menggetarkan bagi banyak orang. Penyebabnya masih misteri dan obat penyembuhnya pun mahal dan butuh kesabaran luar biasa. Namun, kita bisa mencegahnya dari sekarang dengan mewaspadai makanan-makanan yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena kanker. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Kacang-kacangan adalah jenis bahan makanan yang rentan meningkatkan resiko kanker. Hanya saja, perlu diperhatikan kacang-kacangan yang sudah pasti memicu kanker adalah kacang-kacangan yang sudah busuk atau berjamur. Pasalnya, kacang-kacangan busuk ini mengandung aflatoxin. Misalnya, banyak orang sering tidak waspada dengan tempe yang disimpan cukup lama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#009900;"&gt;Waspadai juga makanan-makanan yang mengandung Aspartam atau kandungan gula pengganti, seperti jelly dan minuman-minuman yang berwarna pekat. Begitu pula makanan-makanan mengandung melamine dan buah atau sayuran yang terkontaminasi pestisida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wakil Ketua II POI Jaya dr. Ronald A Hukom, Sp.PD, KHOM juga mengingatkan bahwa makanan yang dimasak dengan cara dibakar, mengandung karsinogen pada hasil bakaran yang berwarna hitam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;Karena itu, sebagai alternatif dan penyeimbang bagi pola hidup yang rentan kanker, asupan buah dan sayuran bersih secara rutin menjadi penting. Buah dan sayuran mengandung zat antioksidan yang bisa menangkal efek radikal bebas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Menurut Ketua Umum Perhimpunan Onkologi Indonesia Cabang DKI Jakarta dr. Dody Ranuhardy, Sp.PD, KHOM mengatakan kanker merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh multifaktor, salah satunya faktor keturunan.&lt;br /&gt;"Artinya jika seorang ibu terkena kanker payudara, anaknya punya risiko kanker," ujar Dody di sela-sela The 1st Symposium on Oncology Emergency: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Emergency in Cancer di Jakarta, Sabtu (8/11).&lt;br /&gt;Jadi, bila ada keluarga yang menderita kanker, waspadalah! Siapa tahu Anda ikut terkena imbasnya.&lt;br /&gt;LIN&lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;a href="http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/08/1219517/kacang.busuk.picu.kanker"&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/08/1219517/kacang.busuk.picu.kanker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-3030463987508106748?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/3030463987508106748/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=3030463987508106748' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3030463987508106748'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/3030463987508106748'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/kacang-busuk-picu-kanker.html' title='Kacang Busuk, Picu Kanker!'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWUJnX0-VI/AAAAAAAAAGk/3S2oBw08Go4/s72-c/makanan%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-8849033659520497852</id><published>2008-11-20T08:40:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:40:59.660-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Musik Bikin Gigi Tumbuh KuatTPGIMAGES</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWTFVBtVCI/AAAAAAAAAGc/JQPFsvHLz6c/s1600-h/musik+dan+gigi.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270780658659972130" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 298px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 225px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWTFVBtVCI/AAAAAAAAAGc/JQPFsvHLz6c/s320/musik+dan+gigi.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kamis, 31 Juli 2008  19:40 WIB&lt;br /&gt;EFEK musik sejak dahulu memang diyakini membawa pengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan pertumbuhan. Tak heran bila musik sering digunakan untuk terapi entah itu untuk relaksasi maupun membantu pertumbuhan bayi agar makin cerdas.&lt;br /&gt;Banyak riset mengungkapkan bahwa musik memang mampu mempengaruhi manusia dalam banyak hal. Sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan ahli dari Universitas Indonesia (UI) misalnya, mengindikasikan bahwa iringan musik dapat memberi pengaruh positif bagi pertumbuhan gigi dan tulang rahang.&lt;br /&gt;Riset yang dipresentasikan Dr. Ria Puspita, drg, pada sidang Ujian Terbuka Program Doktor di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, Kamis (31/7) di Jakarta, memberi indikasi bahwa musik dapat mempengaruhi proses pertumbuhan jaringan keras, walaupun penelitiannya masih terbatas pada binatang (tikus) di laboratorium.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam disertasi untuk memperoleh gelar doktornya, Ria memaparkan betapa stimulasi musik yang harmonis mampu memacu pembentukan gigi dan mandibula (tulang rahang) anak tikus wistar menjadi lebih baik dan berkualitas. Dari penelitiannya terungkap, paparan musik klasik selama masa kehamilan (pranatal) dan bayi mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta kualitas gigi dan tulang rahang anak-anak tikus. Efek positif musik terhadap kualitas gigi dan tulang rahang terlihat bukan saja pada tikus yang gizinya tercukupi, tetapi juga pada anak tikus yang asupan nutrisinya kurang.&lt;br /&gt;"Pada kelompok tikus dengan paparan musik dan asupan nutrisi normal, kualitas serta pertumbuhan gigi dan mandibulanya lebih baik dari kelompok tikus dengan nutrisi normal tanpa musik. Sementara pada kelompok tikus dengan asupan gizi rendah, anak tikus dengan paparan musik memiliki pertumbuhan dan kualitas gigi lebih baik dibandingkan yang tanpa paparan musik," ungkapnya dalam pembahasan disertasi.&lt;br /&gt;Menurut Dr Ria Puspita, musik secara prinsip memang dapat mempengaruhi proses dan tahapan pembentukan organ pada manusia. Musik, lanjutnya, membuat setiap proses dari tahapan pembentukan menjadi lebih teratur.&lt;br /&gt;"Dalam bidang psikologi, terapi musik seringkali dikaitkan dengan tujuan untuk membentuk perilaku dan kejiwaan yang baik. Apa yang baru di sini bahwa musik juga dapat mempengaruhi manusia secara fisik. Musik memang dapat mempengaruhi manusia melalui dua alur. Yakni alur hubungan tubuh-pikiran (berkaitan dengan pengeluaran hormon) maupun alur secara fisik atau material ," ungkapnya.&lt;br /&gt;Dalam risetnya, Dr Ria menggunakan jenis musik klasik, barok dan romantik sebagai alat stimulasi. Musik diperdengarkan di antaranya adalah lagu-lagu karya Mozart, Antonio Vivaldi, Sebastian Bach, Johan Strauss, Brahms, dan Debussy. Musik ini diperdengarkan secara teratur selama sekitar 1,5- 2 jam sesuai karakternya yakni jenis yang membangkitkan semangat ketika para tikus baru bangun, sedangkan lagu-lagu dari Brahms dan Debussy diputar sebagai pengiring menjelang tidur.&lt;br /&gt;Kelompok tikus pendengar musik mendapatkan lagu-lagu tersebut sejak masa kehamilan (gestasi) hari pertama hingga usia 1, 2 dan lima minggu. Selama penelitian, tikus juga diberi asupan makanan standar berbentuk pelet dengan kandungan protein berbeda namun jumlah kalorinya yang sama.&lt;br /&gt;Pengaruh musik terhadap kualitas dan pertumbuhan gigi dan tulang rahang diukur dan diteliti melalui metode analisis makro, seluler dan teknologi nano. Selain itu juga ditunjang dengan pengukuran kandungan kalsium dan fosfor pada permukaan email gigi dan tulang rahang anak tikus dan analisis kristal hidroksiapatit yang mengetahui peningkatan kekuatan jaringan keras.&lt;br /&gt;"Dari hasil penelitian, pertumbuhan gigi dan rahang kelompok tikus yang mendengar musik lebih cepat dan lebih aktif. Dengan musik ini, pertumbuhan gigi dan rahangnya menjadi optimal. Dari segi kualitasnya, gigi dan rahang tikus yang mendengar musik juga lebih baik," ungkap Dr Ria.&lt;br /&gt;Dari kesimpulan riset Dr Ria menyarankan, karena paparan musik tidak menimbulkan efek samping dan tidak bersifat invasif, sosialisasi dan pemanfaatan musik sebagai terapi maupun sebagai media penunjang tercapainya kesehatan dan pertumbuhan fisik atau jaringan keras yang optimal perlu dimulai sesegera mungkin.&lt;br /&gt;"Secara prinsip tidak ada ruginya bila diterapkan pada manusia. Terbiasalah mendengarkan musik, dan lebih baik adalah sejak awal dalam kandungan karena yang ditekankan dalam riset ini adalah pertumbuhan," ungkapnya.&lt;br /&gt;Dr Ria menambahkan, penelitian ini juga lebih jauh dapat dikembangkan untuk mengetahui potensinya terhadap pengobatan dan pencegahan penyakit seperti keropos tulang, karena secara prinsip ada kaitannya dengan jaringan keras dan faktor ketidakseimbangan hormonal karena pengaruh usia.&lt;br /&gt;"Dengan stimulus musik akan ada upaya penyeimbangan hubungan tubuh-pikiran, yang mungkin dapat memperlambat ketidakseimbangan hormonal ini atau membuat tidak parah. Yang pasti, musik tidak bersifat invasif tetapi kelemahannya tidak dapat mengatasi masalah seperti obat. Hanya sebagai penunjang dan berperan dalam upaya preventif," tandasnya.&lt;br /&gt;AC&lt;br /&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;a href="http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/07/31/19405673/musik.bikin.gigi.tumbuh.kuat"&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/07/31/19405673/musik.bikin.gigi.tumbuh.kuat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-8849033659520497852?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/8849033659520497852/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=8849033659520497852' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/8849033659520497852'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/8849033659520497852'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/musik-bikin-gigi-tumbuh-kuattpgimages.html' title='Musik Bikin Gigi Tumbuh KuatTPGIMAGES'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SSWTFVBtVCI/AAAAAAAAAGc/JQPFsvHLz6c/s72-c/musik+dan+gigi.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-1682254408520995541</id><published>2008-11-20T08:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:53:46.577-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Musik yang baik Sehatkan Pembuluh Darah</title><content type='html'>Rabu, 12 November 2008&lt;br /&gt;MENIKMATI musik favorit ternyata bukan hanya akan membuat hati riang dan tenang. Suatu riset di Amerika Serikat mengungkapkan, aktivitas mendengarkan lagu-lagu kesukaan dapat membuat pembuluh darah lebih menjadi sehat. Bahkan, efeknya juga menyerupai pengaruh obat-obatan pembuluh darah.&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;Kami menemukan faedahnya cukup impresif. Diameter pembuluh darah membaik. Saluran pembuluh menjadi lebih terbuka secara signifikan. Anda dapat melihat pembuluh-pembuluh darah terbuka melalui berbagai aktivitas, seperti berolahraga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;," &lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;kata Dr Michael Miller, Direktur Bagian Pencegahan Jantung di Universitas Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000099;"&gt;Efek yang sama, kata peneliti, juga bisa dilihat melalui penggunaan obat-obatan jenis statin dan ACE inhibitor. &lt;br /&gt;Ketika saluran pembuluh darah lebih terbuka, darah akan mengalir lebih lancar sehingga akan memperkecil peluang terjadinya penggumpalan darah yang akan memicu serangan jantung atau stroke. Pembuluh darah yang elastis juga dapat menghindarkan risiko pengerasan dinding pembuluh atau aterosklerosis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000099;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Kami tidak menganjurkan untuk menghentikan penggunaan statin atau kegiatan olahraga, tetapi ini (mendengar musik) dapat ditambahkan pada program kesehatan jantung secara keseluruhan," ujar Miller yang mempresentasikan temuannya dalam pertemuan American Heart Association di New Orleans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;Dalam risetnya, Miller melibatkan 10 pria wanita sehat yang tidak merokok.  Partisipan diinstruksikan untuk menikmati musik favorit mereka selama setengah jam dan setengah jam lainnya mendengarkan musik yang dianggap mereka menyebabkan cemas. Selama mendengarkan musik, partisipan juga menjalani tes ultrasound yang didesain untuk memantau fungsi pembuluh darah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#990000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000099;"&gt;Dibandingkan dengan rata-rata ukuran normalnya, diameter pembuluh darah para partisipan tercatat melebar sekitar 26 persen ketika para partisipan mendengar musik kesukaanya. Sedangkan ketika mendengar musik yang tidak disukai—pada kasus ini kebanyakan adalah heavy metal—pembuluh darah menyempit sekitar 6 persen, kata Miller.&lt;br /&gt;Miller menuturkah, ide untuk melakukan penelitian ini diilhami hasil penelitian sebelumnya bahwa kebiasaan tertawa membuat aliran pembuluh darah menjadi lebih lancar. Dalam riset ini, kebanyakan partisipan memilih musik country sebagai favorit. Namun, Miller menegaskan, jenis musik favorit tentu bisa berbeda dan yang pasti haruslah menyenangkan.&lt;br /&gt;AC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Dapatkan artikel ini di URL:&lt;a href="http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/12/08423249/musik.sehatkan.pembuluh.darah"&gt;http://www.kompas.com/read/xml/2008/11/12/08423249/musik.sehatkan.pembuluh.darah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-1682254408520995541?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/1682254408520995541/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=1682254408520995541' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/1682254408520995541'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/1682254408520995541'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/musik-yang-baik-sehatkan-pembuluh-darah.html' title='Musik yang baik Sehatkan Pembuluh Darah'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-438513399260157019</id><published>2008-11-20T08:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:37:22.511-08:00</updated><title type='text'>List of smoking bans by country.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Argentina"&gt; 1.Argentina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Armenia"&gt;2  Armenia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Australia"&gt;3  Australia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Bangladesh"&gt;4  Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Belgium"&gt;5  Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Bermuda"&gt;6  Bermuda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Bhutan"&gt;7  Bhutan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"&gt;8  Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Brazil"&gt;9  Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Canada"&gt;10  Canada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Chile"&gt;11  Chile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0China"&gt;12  China&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Croatia"&gt;13  Croatia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Cuba"&gt;14  Cuba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Czech_Republic"&gt;15  Czech Republic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Denmark"&gt;16  Denmark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Estonia"&gt;17  Estonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Faroe_Islands"&gt;18  Faroe Islands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Finland"&gt;19  Finland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0France"&gt;20  France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Germany"&gt;21  Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Greece"&gt;22  Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Guernsey"&gt;23  Guernsey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Hong_Kong"&gt;24  Hong Kong&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Hungary"&gt;25  Hungary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Iceland"&gt;26  Iceland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0India"&gt;27  India&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Indonesia"&gt;28  Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Republic_of_Ireland"&gt;29  Republic of Ireland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Isle_of_Man"&gt;30  Isle of Man&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Israel"&gt;31  Israel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Italy"&gt;32  Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Jersey"&gt;33  Jersey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Kazakhstan"&gt;34  Kazakhstan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Kenya"&gt;35  Kenya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Lithuania"&gt;36  Lithuania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Luxembourg"&gt;37  Luxembourg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Malta"&gt;38  Malta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Malaysia"&gt;39  Malaysia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Mexico"&gt;40  Mexico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Montenegro"&gt;41  Montenegro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Mozambique"&gt;42  Mozambique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Netherlands"&gt;43  Netherlands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0New_Zealand"&gt;44  New Zealand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Niger"&gt;45  Niger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Nigeria"&gt;46  Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Norway"&gt;47  Norway&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Pakistan"&gt;48  Pakistan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Peru"&gt;49  Peru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Philippines"&gt;50  Philippines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Portugal"&gt;51  Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Puerto_Rico"&gt;52  Puerto Rico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Russia"&gt;53  Russia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Singapore"&gt;54  Singapore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Serbia"&gt;55  Serbia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Slovenia"&gt;56  Slovenia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0South_Africa"&gt;57  South Africa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Spain"&gt;58  Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Sweden"&gt;59  Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Switzerland"&gt;60  Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Taiwan"&gt;61  Taiwan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Thailand"&gt;62  Thailand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Turkey"&gt;63  Turkey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Uganda"&gt;64  Uganda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0United_Arab_Emirates"&gt;65  United Arab Emirates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0United_Kingdom"&gt;66  United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Scotland"&gt;66.1  Scotland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Wales"&gt;66.2  Wales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#Northern_Ireland"&gt;66.3 Northern Ireland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0England"&gt;66.4  England&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0United_Nations"&gt;67  United Nations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0United_States"&gt;68  United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Uruguay"&gt;69  Uruguay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Vatican_City"&gt;70  Vatican City&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Vietnam"&gt;71  Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#.C2.A0Zambia"&gt;72  Zambia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#Outdoor_smoking_bans"&gt;73 Outdoor smoking bans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#Other_bans"&gt;74 Other bans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#Other_restrictions"&gt;75 Other restrictions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#Proposed_bans"&gt;76 Proposed bans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#Lack_of_smoking_bans"&gt;77 Lack of smoking bans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#See_also"&gt;78 See also&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#References"&gt;79 References&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#External_links"&gt;80 External links&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;//&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="A pictogram often used where a smoking ban is in order." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:No_smoking_symbol.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:No_smoking_symbol.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A &lt;a title="Pictogram" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictogram"&gt;pictogram&lt;/a&gt; often used where a smoking ban is in order.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Argentina"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Argentina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Argentina.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Argentina.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Argentina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina"&gt;Argentina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A 2006 smoking ban in Buenos Aires city prohibits smoking in public areas including bars and restaurants except if the bar is more 100 m2 where it is possible to have area for smoking customers. Similar bans in other Argentine cities require bigger establishments to provide a separate, contained area for smoking customers. The rule is not nationwide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Armenia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Armenia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia"&gt;Armenia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A law went into effect in March 2005 banning smoking in hospitals, cultural and educational institutions and on public transportation. On &lt;a title="March 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1"&gt;1 March&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; new rules came into effect requiring all public and private institutions, including bars and restaurants, to allow smoking only in special secluded areas. Absence of any legal sanctions against those who violate the smoking laws have made them completely ineffectual.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Australia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Australia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Australia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"&gt;Australia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;a title="List of smoking bans in Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans_in_Australia"&gt;List of smoking bans in Australia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"&gt;Australia&lt;/a&gt; smoking bans are determined on a state-by-state basis. In chronological order by state:&lt;br /&gt;South Australia: Smoking prohibited in all indoor dining areas since January 1999&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;. Total enclosed public place smoking ban in force since November 2007&lt;br /&gt;Western Australia: Incremental restrictions introduced from January 2005 with a total ban on smoking in all enclosed public spaces taking effect from July 2006&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-2"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tasmania: Total indoor smoking ban in force since January 2006[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]. From January 2008 the ban was extended to include smoking in cars with passengers under the age of 18&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Queensland: Comprehensive ban in effect since July 2006. Smoking is prohibited in all pubs, clubs, restaurants and workplaces, commercial outdoor eating and drinking areas, outdoor public places, and within 4 meters of non-residential building entrances[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;Australian Capital Territory: A ban on smoking in enclosed public places has been in effect since December 2006[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;Victoria: : A ban on smoking in enclosed public places has been in effect since July 2007[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;New South Wales: A ban on smoking in all enclosed areas of restaurants, licensed clubs and pubs came into force in July 2007. In July 2008 the government announced plans to introduce new legislation that will prohibit smoking in private cars that carry children less than 16 years old.[orthern Territory: The Territory government has announced its long awaited timeframe for banning smoking inside clubs and pubs, saying new restrictions will come into place from the start of 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Bangladesh"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Bangladesh.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Bangladesh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh"&gt;Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking restricted in pubs, cafés, offices and other public places since March 2005.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Belgium"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Belgium (civil).svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2005: Companies should have implemented smoking plans to discourage smoking.&lt;br /&gt;January 2006: Smoking prohibited in the work area.&lt;br /&gt;January 2007: Smoking banned in restaurants and bars, except in the ones that serve "light meals" (e.g. cold meals, pizzas and warm meals that are served with bread instead of french fries) and have less of 30% of their sales from food servings. Small bars are also not included in the ban. Most large bars, such as concert venues, do little to enforce the ban.&lt;br /&gt;September 2008: Smoking no longer allowed in schools.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Bermuda"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="Bermuda" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda"&gt;Bermuda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As of October 1, 2006, all enclosed workplaces in Bermuda are smokefree, including restaurants, bars, private clubs and hotels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Bhutan"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Bhutan.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Bhutan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan"&gt;Bhutan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="December 17" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_17"&gt;17 December&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;, a national ban on the sale of tobacco products went into effect. Smoking in all public places in Bhutan became illegal on &lt;a title="February 22" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_22"&gt;22 February&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2005" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005"&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;. It thus became the first nation in the world to outlaw this practice outright.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a title="Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"&gt;Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt; within the nation has banned smoking in public buildings since &lt;a title="September 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1"&gt;1 September&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Brazil"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Brazil.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Brazil.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Brazil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Brazil, smoking is forbidden in all enclosed public spaces, such as shopping malls and libraries, except for specifically- designated smoking areas. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-4"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; In restaurants there should be a non smoking section but in reality most restaurants end up having tables side by side, one for non-smokers and another where smoking is allowed. Tobacco advertising is restricted to posters in shops. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Canada"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a title="Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"&gt;Canada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking in indoor (and in some cases outdoors - see below by province) workplaces and public places is banned in all territories, provinces and in federally regulated buildings. However, some jurisdictions allow specific exemptions to the smoking ban.&lt;br /&gt;Parliament has amended the current ban on smoking in the federal government and federally regulated businesses. As a result of the amendment, smoking rooms will be disallowed[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(dates_and_numbers)#Chronological_items"&gt;when?&lt;/a&gt;]. This change will notably affect places such as airports.[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;By province (east to west):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Newfoundland and Labrador" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador"&gt;Newfoundland and Labrador&lt;/a&gt;: smoking has been banned in all public places, including bars and bingo halls, since 2005 under the province's Smoke-Free Environment Act.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-6"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Prince Edward Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island"&gt;Prince Edward Island&lt;/a&gt; has banned smoking in public places and workplaces since 2003. Ventilated smoking rooms are allowed, however, but food cannot be served in them.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Nova Scotia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia"&gt;Nova Scotia&lt;/a&gt;: From &lt;a title="December 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1"&gt;1 December&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; onwards, smoking is banned in public places, with the exception of special rooms in nursing homes and care facilities. Tobacco products cannot be displayed prominently in stores.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt; From &lt;a title="April 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1"&gt;1 April&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, smoking in a car with passengers under 19 inside is illegal.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-8"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="New Brunswick" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick"&gt;New Brunswick&lt;/a&gt; has banned smoking in all public areas since October 2004 and does not allow specially ventilated rooms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Quebec" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec"&gt;Quebec&lt;/a&gt; will eliminate designated smoking rooms and retail tobacco displays by &lt;a title="May 31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_31"&gt;31 May&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;. There has been a comprehensive ban on smoking in public places, including bars and restaurants, since 2006.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Ontario" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario"&gt;Ontario&lt;/a&gt; will ban retail displays of tobacco in 2008. Since 2006, all workspaces and enclosed spaces open to the public ban smoking.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Manitoba" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba"&gt;Manitoba&lt;/a&gt;'s Non-Smoker's Health Protection Act has banned all smoking in public spaces since October 2004. Non-smoking areas, or specially ventilated rooms, are not allowed in bars and restaurants.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-9"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Saskatchewan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan"&gt;Saskatchewan&lt;/a&gt;'s reinstated 'shower curtain law' (2005) requires shop owners to keep tobacco sales out of sight. There are fines of up to $10 000 for violation of the Tobacco Control Act which bans smoking in all public areas, indoor and outdoor, including clubs for veterans.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Alberta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta"&gt;Alberta&lt;/a&gt; has had a public smoking ban since &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-10"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt; The City of Calgary has legislated that bars and restaurants must be smoke free (since 2007); in the city of Edmonton there has been a smoking ban since 2005.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-11"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="British Columbia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"&gt;British Columbia&lt;/a&gt;'s smoking ban, updated in March 2008, bans smoking in all public spaces such as restaurants, pubs and private clubs, offices, malls, conference centres, sports arenas, community halls, government buildings and schools, and near public doorways. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-12"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By territory (east to west):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Nunavut" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavut"&gt;Nunavut&lt;/a&gt; has banned smoking in public spaces since &lt;a title="May 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1"&gt;1 May&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;, including bars.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-13"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a title="Northwest Territories" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Territories"&gt;Northwest Territories&lt;/a&gt; banned smoking as of &lt;a title="May 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1"&gt;1 May&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;, in all public places and workplaces, including restaurants, bars, bingo and bowling facilities, and casinos.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-14"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a title="Yukon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon"&gt;Yukon&lt;/a&gt; implemented a smoking ban on &lt;a title="May 15" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_15"&gt;15 May&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;. It was the last of the provinces and territories to implement a ban.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Chile"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Chile" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile"&gt;Chile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chile bans smoking in schools, hospitals, government offices, shopping centres, supermarkets, pharmacies, airports, buses, subway networks and other indoor public places. Smoking in universities indoors is banned, however, smoking is allowed outdoors. Restaurants, with large eateries (over 100 m²) must have fully partitioned nonsmoking sections. Smaller restaurants can choose between being smoke free or being for smokers. The same with cafes and pubs. Clubs, despite their size, are able to choose between being smoke free or being for smokers, however, in practice all clubs are "for smokers".&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-15"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0China"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="People's Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China"&gt;China&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Guangzhou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou"&gt;Guangzhou&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Jiangmen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangmen"&gt;Jiangmen&lt;/a&gt; has banned smoking in public places, include restaurants, entertainment outlets, schools, supermarkets, and governmental offices on a trial run in 2007. However this is rarely policed. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-16"&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Croatia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Croatia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"&gt;Croatia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Government"&gt;Croatian Government&lt;/a&gt; decided to ban smoking in early 2008. The ban came into for on &lt;a title="November 7" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_7"&gt;7 November&lt;/a&gt; 2008. People are no longer able to smoke freely in public institutions such as hospitals, clinics, schools, nursery's and universities will be punishable with 1000 &lt;a title="Kuna" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuna"&gt;kunas&lt;/a&gt; (140 euro), while the only place in which smoking will remain permitted are psychiatric wards in Croatia’s hospitals. The ban will go further in &lt;a title="May 2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2008"&gt;May 2008&lt;/a&gt; when it will extend to a ban on smoking in bars, restaurants and cafes. It is estimated that 30 percent of Croatia’s adult population smoke.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-17"&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-18"&gt;[19]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Cuba"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a title="Cuba" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"&gt;Cuba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cuba has banned smoking in most work places, cigarette machines removed and it has been illegal to sell tobacco products close to schools since February 2005.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-19"&gt;[20]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Czech_Republic"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="Czech Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"&gt;Czech Republic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Currently, there is a law in force that bans smoking in all public places such as institutions, hospitals, bus stops and other public service stops, but not in restaurants, bars and clubs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Denmark"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Denmark.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Denmark.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Denmark" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark"&gt;Denmark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As of &lt;a title="August 15" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_15"&gt;15 August&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, smoking in hospitality facilities, restaurants, bars, clubs, public transport, and all private and public workplaces is banned. Exemptions to the law are bars with a floor space less than 40 m² and offices only used by a single employee. Separate smoking rooms are allowed in hospitality facilities as long as no food or beverage is served there. The law has caused much controversy and is as of November 2007 not fully enforced. The law is set for revision in 2009.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-20"&gt;[21]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Estonia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Estonia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Estonia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia"&gt;Estonia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking has been banned within indoor public areas and workplaces since &lt;a title="June 4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_4"&gt;4 June&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2005" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005"&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;, except in restaurants. Later a ban on smoking in bars, restaurants, coffee shops and nightclubs started on &lt;a title="June 5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_5"&gt;5 June&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; (however still allowed in isolated smoking rooms).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Faroe_Islands"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Faroe Islands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroe_Islands"&gt;Faroe Islands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking banned in all enclosed public spaces 1 July 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Finland"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Finland.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Finland.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Finland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"&gt;Finland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking has been banned in indoor public areas and workplaces from &lt;a title="March 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1"&gt;1 March&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="1995" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995"&gt;1995&lt;/a&gt;, except in specially designated &lt;a title="Smoking room" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_room"&gt;smoking rooms&lt;/a&gt;; restaurants were included in 2007. Legislation aimed towards voluntary prevention of secondary smoking was enacted, but it was not successful. Few establishments installed ventilation systems capable of eliminating secondhand smoke. Dividing a restaurant into a smoking and non-smoking section was also an ineffective measure. Thus, smoking has been banned in all indoor public and workplaces, including bars, cafes, clubs and restaurants from &lt;a title="June 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1"&gt;1 June&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, except in those places which have been permitted a transition period of up to two years. Smoking in bars and trains is still allowed in enclosed smoking booths, where you can't serve or take any food or drink. Many smaller bars have not been able to build such smoking booths and patrons have to smoke outside. The bans are respected by the general population.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0France"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="France" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="France" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, on &lt;a title="February 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_1"&gt;1 February&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, tightened the existing ban on smoking in public places found in the 1991 Évin law,&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-21"&gt;[22]&lt;/a&gt; which contains a variety of measures against &lt;a title="Alcoholism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism"&gt;alcoholism&lt;/a&gt; and tobacco consumption. It is named after &lt;a title="Claude Évin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_%C3%89vin"&gt;Claude Évin&lt;/a&gt;, the minister who pushed for it. The law leaves certain important criteria on what is allowed or not with respect to smoking sections to executive-issued regulations, and it is those regulations that were altered in 2007.&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is now banned in all public places (stations, museums, etc.); an exception exists for special smoking rooms fulfilling strict conditions, see below. However, a special exemption was made for cafés and restaurants, clubs, casinos, bars, etc. until &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-22"&gt;[23]&lt;/a&gt; although the French government has said it will give a day of reflection on New Year's Day.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-23"&gt;[24]&lt;/a&gt; Opinion polls suggest 70% of people support the ban.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-24"&gt;[25]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under the new regulations, smoking rooms are allowed, but are subjected to very strict conditions: they may occupy at most 20% of the total floor space of the establishment and their size may not be more than 35 m²; they need to be equipped with separate ventilation which replaces the full volume of air ten times per hour; the air pressure of the smoking room must constantly be lower than the pressure in the contiguous rooms; they must have doors that close automatically; no service can be provided in the smoking rooms; and cleaning and maintenance personnel may enter the room only one hour after it was last used for smoking[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;].&lt;br /&gt;Previously, under the former implementation rules of the 1991 Évin law, restaurants, cafés etc. just had to provide smoking and non-smoking sections, which in practice were often not well separated. In larger establishments, smoking and non-smoking sections could be separate rooms, but often they were just areas within the same room.&lt;br /&gt;A legal challenge against the new regulations was filed before the &lt;a title="Conseil d'État" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat"&gt;Conseil d'État&lt;/a&gt; in 2007, but was rejected.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-25"&gt;[26]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Germany"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a title="Germany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In August 2007, the states of &lt;a title="Baden-Württemberg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg"&gt;Baden-Württemberg&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Lower Saxony" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxony"&gt;Lower Saxony&lt;/a&gt; banned smoking in restaurants, bars and clubs. In October 2007 &lt;a title="Hesse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse"&gt;Hesse&lt;/a&gt; also passed a law with similar regulations. Most of the other German states followed in January 2008, though many of these bans still allow smoking in separate ventilated rooms.&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is banned on public transport and in federal buildings, including the parliament.&lt;br /&gt;Certain states, Nordrhein-Westphalia being one, were given a reprieve, and the imposition of the ban was extended to 1 July 2008.However since then, many bars are attempting to make themselves smoking "clubs", whereby the members sign up, and are allowed to smoke. Whether this tactic will succeed long term remains to be seen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Greece"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Greece" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=22"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Greece.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Greece.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Greece" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to a law passed in 2002, smoking is not allowed in all public and private workplaces, all areas related to health care and education and in public transport vehicles. This law, however, provides a loophole where business owners can choose to follow the law. Smoking is therefore virtually allowed everywhere, except for the Athens Metro. Since the legislation is not very efficient a new, stricter law is under consideration. In 2010 a new ban will come into place which bans smoking in all public places and raises the tobacco purchasing age to 18. Television commercials have been advertising the ban as of Summer 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Guernsey"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Guernsey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=23"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Guernsey.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Guernsey.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Guernsey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey"&gt;Guernsey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking was banned in all public places in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="UK" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK"&gt;British&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependency" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_dependency"&gt;Crown dependency&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a title="Guernsey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernsey"&gt;Guernsey&lt;/a&gt;, including workplaces, bars, clubs and restaurants, on &lt;a title="July 2" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2"&gt;2 July&lt;/a&gt; 2006, under the "Smoking (Prohibition in Public Places and Workplaces) (Guernsey) Law 2005". Anyone who breaks the law, upon conviction, could be fined up to the maximum of £1000 (~€1500, ~$2000). Smoking is allowed anywhere outside and in whatever company.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-26"&gt;[27]&lt;/a&gt; The neighbouring Channel Island of Alderney agreed in March 2007 to implement the ban, but no date has been set. Smoking in indoor public places remains legal on just one of the Channel Islands, Sark.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Hong_Kong"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Hong Kong" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=24"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Hong Kong.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Hong Kong" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong"&gt;Hong Kong&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking in public places was banned by the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China"&gt;Hong Kong&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government"&gt;Government&lt;/a&gt; commencing on &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; under The Smoking (Public Health) Ordinance (Cap. 371) which was first enacted in 1982 with several amendments subsequently. The &lt;a title="The Smoking Ordinance (Hong Kong)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smoking_Ordinance_(Hong_Kong)"&gt;ban&lt;/a&gt; was placed in most public places including restaurants, Internet cafés, public lavatories, beaches and public parks. Bars, karaoke parlors, and other adult-only businesses are required to go smoke-free by 2009. Smoking bans in lifts, public transport, cinemas, concert halls, airport terminal were introduced between 1982 and 1997. The ban in shopping centres, department stores, supermarkets, banks, game arcades has been in place since July 1998.&lt;br /&gt;Any person who smokes or carries a lighted tobacco product in a statutory no smoking area commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a maximum fine of HK$5,000.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Hungary"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Hungary" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=25"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Hungary.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Hungary.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Hungary" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"&gt;Hungary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2009, smoking is going to be banned in most public places including restaurants, bars, etc.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-27"&gt;[28]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Iceland"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Iceland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=26"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Iceland.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Iceland.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Iceland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland"&gt;Iceland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking and the use of other tobacco products is banned in most public spaces in Iceland. This includes all enclosed spaces in common ownership, all public land intended for use by children, all public transport and all services; including restaurants, bars, clubs and cafés.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-28"&gt;[29]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0India"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  India" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=27"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of India.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_India.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="India" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"&gt;India&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A ban on workplace, restaurants, hotels and other public smoking nationwide came into effect from October 2nd 2008. Smoking in open areas like road,park etc. and inside home and car is however allowed. Anybody violating this law will be charged with a fine of Rs 200/-(INR). &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-29"&gt;[30]&lt;/a&gt; In 2007, &lt;a title="Chandigarh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh"&gt;Chandigarh&lt;/a&gt; became the first city in &lt;a title="India" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"&gt;India&lt;/a&gt; to become 'smoke-free'. However despite some early hopeful signs, Chandigarh's ban is often ignored and enforcement has been found to be difficult with authorities showing indifference. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-30"&gt;[31]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Indonesia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Indonesia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=28"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Indonesia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Indonesia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Jakarta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta"&gt;Jakarta&lt;/a&gt;'s restaurants, hotels, schools, office buildings, airports and public transport, smoking is banned. Restaurants who want to allow smoking have to provide a separate smoking space starting &lt;a title="February 4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_4"&gt;4 February&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-31"&gt;[32]&lt;/a&gt; Like many Asian nations, it remains to be seen whether it can be enforced or not. Building separate facilities for smokers has only taken place in half of establishments by June 2007.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-32"&gt;[33]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Republic_of_Ireland"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Republic of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=29"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Ireland.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Ireland.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Republic of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland"&gt;Republic of Ireland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="The Republic of Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_of_Ireland"&gt;The Republic of Ireland&lt;/a&gt; became the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces on &lt;a title="March 29" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_29"&gt;29 March&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;. From that date onwards, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced. The ban includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans - and within a three metre radius to the entrances of these locations. The maximum on-the-spot fine is €3,000, while a prison sentence can also be given later. The law does not apply to prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards and some hotel rooms. Stadia like &lt;a title="Croke Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croke_Park"&gt;Croke Park&lt;/a&gt; also ban smoking anywhere in the grounds.&lt;br /&gt;Before the total ban, smoking was already outlawed in public buildings, hospitals, schools, restaurant kitchens, and on aircraft and trains. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-33"&gt;[34]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Premises must display a sign to inform patrons of the ban (in Irish or English), and the contact person for any complaints. A workplace can be fined €3,000 per person found smoking. Smoking rooms are not allowed. Any shelter's surface must have at least 50 per cent uncovered. There is also a Compliance Line set up by the &lt;a class="new" title="Office of Tobacco Control (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Tobacco_Control&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1"&gt;Office of Tobacco Control&lt;/a&gt;, that people can call to report people smoking in a workplace or retail outlets selling tobacco to under-18s.&lt;br /&gt;On the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="1st July" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_July"&gt;1st July&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="2009" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009"&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-34"&gt;[35]&lt;/a&gt;, the country will ban tobacco advertising and displays at point of sale in retail outlets (advertising is already banned in print, on radio and television and on billboards) and ensure that cigarettes and other tobacco products remain out of sight and under the counter - they are already "behind the counter" products.&lt;br /&gt;The ban has been widely hailed as a success by both the Irish government and public, and following the ban cigarette consumption fell by 7.5% in the first six months.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-35"&gt;[36]&lt;/a&gt; The ban has also had social and cultural impacts upon Ireland, for instance the emergence of "&lt;a title="Smirting" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smirting"&gt;smirting&lt;/a&gt;" since the ban.&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="July 18" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_18"&gt;18 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, Irish &lt;a title="Fine Gael" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael"&gt;Fine Gael&lt;/a&gt; MEP &lt;a title="Avril Doyle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avril_Doyle"&gt;Avril Doyle&lt;/a&gt; proposed in a committee in the European Parliament, that she would like to see an EU-wide ban on cigarettes and cigars by 2025. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-36"&gt;[37]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Isle_of_Man"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Isle of Man" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=30"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the Isle of Man.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Isle of Man" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man"&gt;Isle of Man&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Isle of Man was the last part of the &lt;a title="British Isles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Isles"&gt;British Isles&lt;/a&gt; to introduce a smoking ban, save for the Crown dependency of &lt;a title="Sark" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sark"&gt;Sark&lt;/a&gt; where it remains legal, with a similar ban to the one introduced in England. The ban came into effect on &lt;a title="March 30" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_30"&gt;30 March&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;The smoking ban also saw Europe's first smoke-free prison. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-37"&gt;[38]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Israel"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Israel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=31"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Israel.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Israel.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Israel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"&gt;Israel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Israel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"&gt;Israel&lt;/a&gt; it is forbidden to smoke in public closed places since 1983&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-38"&gt;[39]&lt;/a&gt;. The law was amended in 2007 so that owners are held accountable for smoking in premises under their responsibility. The ban includes pubs and bars, and it is illegal for owners of such places to put ashtrays anywhere inside closed spaces. Also, owners of public places must put "no smoking" signs and prevent visitors from smoking. They can also designate a well ventilated and completely separate area for smokers, as long as the non smokers area does not fall below 75% of the whole area. The fine for owners of public places is &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="New Israeli sheqel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Israeli_sheqel"&gt;₪&lt;/a&gt; 10,000 (around &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="US$" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$"&gt;US$&lt;/a&gt;2,800) and for smokers - ₪ 5000.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Italy"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Italy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=32"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Italy.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Italy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Italy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt; was the fourth country in the world to enact a nationwide smoking ban. Since January 10th, 2005 it is forbidden to smoke in all public indoor spaces, including bars, cafès, restaurants and discos. However, special smoking rooms are allowed. In such areas food can be served, but they are subjected to strict conditions: they need to be separately ventilated, with high air replacement rates; their air pressure must constantly be lower than the pressure in the surrounding rooms; they must be equipped with automatic sliding doors to prevent smoke from spreading to tobacco-free areas. Only 1% of all public establishments have opted for setting up a smoking room.&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps unexpectedly, the ban turned out to be highly popular and it is strictly enforced and respected by the general population.[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;On the other hand, some clever restaurants and bars found a loophole. It is indeed allowed to smoke outdoors, which means that since Italy has sunshine more than half of the year, people can still smoke at restaurants and bars as long as they sit on the comfortable outside tables. And in winter, the establishment simply covers the outside tables with plastic sheeting, making them like a verandah, so that although they are technically indoors, they are legally still outdoors, and people can still smoke there, as in a separate smoking area.[&lt;a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Jersey"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Jersey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=33"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Jersey.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Jersey.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Jersey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey"&gt;Jersey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is restricted in public places in &lt;a title="Jersey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey"&gt;Jersey&lt;/a&gt; (a &lt;a title="British Islands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Islands"&gt;British&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependency" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_dependency"&gt;Crown dependency&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;The Restriction on Smoking (Jersey) Law 1973&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-39"&gt;[40]&lt;/a&gt; enabled the &lt;a title="States of Jersey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Jersey"&gt;States of Jersey&lt;/a&gt; to pass regulations prohibiting or restricting smoking in places of entertainment and public transport. In pursuance of this law, smoking was banned on public transport by the Smoking (Public Transport) (Jersey) Regulations 1982&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-40"&gt;[41]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;The Restriction on Smoking (Jersey) Law 1973 was amended by the Restriction on Smoking (Amendment No. 2) (Jersey) Law 2006&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-41"&gt;[42]&lt;/a&gt; adopted &lt;a title="May 16" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_16"&gt;16 May&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt; which enabled the States to make regulations to prohibit or restrict smoking tobacco or a substance (or a mixture of substances) other than tobacco, or the use of tobacco, in a workplace or other defined places.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Kazakhstan"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Kazakhstan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=34"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Kazakhstan.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Kazakhstan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan"&gt;Kazakhstan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kazakhstan outlawed smoking in public places on &lt;a title="April 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1"&gt;1 April&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2003" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003"&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-42"&gt;[43]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Kenya"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Kenya" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=35"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Kenya.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Kenya.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Kenya" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya"&gt;Kenya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking in public indoor areas is banned in &lt;a title="Nairobi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi"&gt;Nairobi&lt;/a&gt;, Kenya since July 2007.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-43"&gt;[44]&lt;/a&gt; Small private bars will be exempted. &lt;a title="Mombasa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasa"&gt;Mombasa&lt;/a&gt; already has a similar preexisting ban on smoking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Lithuania"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Lithuania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=36"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Lithuania.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Lithuania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania"&gt;Lithuania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking has been banned in restaurants, bars, places where food is served, clubs (except for special cigar and pipe clubs), and nightclubs since &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;. Furthermore, smoking on public transportation is forbidden except on long-distance trains with special facilities.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Luxembourg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Luxembourg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=37"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Luxembourg.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Luxembourg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg"&gt;Luxembourg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is banned in all indoor public places, like hospitals, shopping centres, schools and restaurants. However, cafés and bars that only serve snacks are exempt from the law. There is a smoking prohibition from 12 noon to 2pm and 7pm to 9pm in cafés in which meals are served.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Malta"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Malta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=38"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Malta.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Malta.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Malta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta"&gt;Malta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In April 2004, smoking was banned in all enclosed public spaces, including public transportation, clubs and restaurants although smoking areas are allowed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Malaysia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Malaysia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=39"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Malaysia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Malaysia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia"&gt;Malaysia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a ban on smoking in Malaysia, but does not extend to bars, cafes, and open areas.&lt;br /&gt;In all, 19 areas are banned, including hospitals/clinics, public lifts and toilets, air-conditioned restaurants, public transport, government premises, educational institutions, petrol stations, Internet cafes and shopping complexes. However, enforcement is an issue, and the government plans to get tougher on offenders.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-44"&gt;[45]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-45"&gt;[46]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Mexico"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Mexico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=40"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Mexico.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Mexico.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Mexico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"&gt;Mexico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking in hospitals and airports has been banned for at least 15 years. Smoking is allowed in designated areas at the Cancun Airport. Mexico City's current smoking policy, passed in April 2004, requires physically separate smoking and non-smoking areas, and for non-smoking areas to make up at least 30% of all space in restaurants and bars. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-46"&gt;[47]&lt;/a&gt; A proposal debated early in 2007 to extend Mexico City's smoking policy into a complete ban for all restaurants, bars, schools, taxis, and buses, did not pass. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-47"&gt;[48]&lt;/a&gt;. It was propossed again in middle-2007. Since April 2008 the law applies in Mexico City. It's expected to be expanded to all the country in 2008-2009. Advertisment of tobacco products has been banned from T.V. and radio for about 5 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Montenegro"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Montenegro" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=41"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Montenegro.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Montenegro" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro"&gt;Montenegro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking in public places is banned in Montenegro. The ban also forbids smoking advertising and the display of people smoking on television. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-48"&gt;[49]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Mozambique"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Mozambique" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=42"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Mozambique.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Mozambique" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique"&gt;Mozambique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 2007, smoking has been banned in indoor public places including public transport, government buildings, schools, hospitals, libraries, cinemas, theatres, restaurants and bars, with the exception of specially designated smoking rooms.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-49"&gt;[50]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-50"&gt;[51]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Netherlands"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=43"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the Netherlands.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Netherlands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"&gt;Netherlands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; 2008, smoking is banned in restaurants, cafés, bars, festival tents and nightclubs.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-51"&gt;[52]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-52"&gt;[53]&lt;/a&gt; Smoking is allowed only in separate, enclosed, designated smoking spaces not serviced by employees. Employees may only be required to enter such smoking rooms in emergency situations.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-53"&gt;[54]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These rules apply to the smoking of tobacco only. Thus in &lt;a title="Cannabis coffee shop" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_coffee_shop"&gt;coffee shops&lt;/a&gt; (cafés that sell &lt;a title="Cannabis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis"&gt;cannabis&lt;/a&gt;), they apply to the smoking of cigarettes containing a blend of tobacco and cannabis, but not of cigarettes containing only cannabis.&lt;br /&gt;Other workplaces, public buildings and public transport have been smoke-free since &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;. Since &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, smoking has been completely banned at Amsterdam's &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Schiphol Airport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiphol_Airport"&gt;Schiphol Airport&lt;/a&gt;, including cafes and restaurants. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-54"&gt;[55]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is also no longer allowed in shopping malls, tobacco shops &amp;amp; cigar bars, gambling establishments and convention centres since &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;These rules are enforced by the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (Voedsel en Waren Autoriteit, VWA). Fines for violating the smoking ban range from €300 to €16,000. Continued violation can ultimately result in loss of &lt;a title="Business license" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_license"&gt;business license&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0New_Zealand"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=44"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of New Zealand.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"&gt;New Zealand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first building in the world to have a smoke-free policy was the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Old Government Buildings (Wellington)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Government_Buildings_(Wellington)"&gt;Old Government Building&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington, New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington,_New_Zealand"&gt;Wellington, New Zealand&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a title="1876" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876"&gt;1876&lt;/a&gt;. This was over concerns about the threat of fire, as it is the second largest wooden building in the world &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-55"&gt;[56]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;New Zealand passed an amendment to the Smoke-free Environments Act 1990 law on &lt;a title="December 3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_3"&gt;3 December&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2003" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003"&gt;2003&lt;/a&gt; (effective in &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;) which covers all indoor public workplaces and inside hospitality venues (pubs, bars, restaurants and casinos). Studies have shown very high levels of compliance with the law. Also the air quality inside hospitality venues is very good compared to similar settings in other countries where smoking is still permitted. In New Zealand, tobacco cannot be sold to anyone under 18.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-56"&gt;[57]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outdoor smoke-free laws cover the grounds of all schools, some council-owned parks (eg, in South Taranaki and Upper Hutt), the grounds of some hospitals, stadiums and one university campus (Massey University). The government has not moved to restrict smoking in cars but has run mass media campaigns that promote smoke-free cars and homes.&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="September 5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_5"&gt;5 September&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Action on Smoking and Health" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_on_Smoking_and_Health"&gt;Action on Smoking and Health&lt;/a&gt; (ASH) &lt;a title="New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"&gt;New Zealand&lt;/a&gt; called for the removal of tobacco from sale by 2017.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-57"&gt;[58]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See also: &lt;a title="Tobacco in New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_in_New_Zealand"&gt;Tobacco in New Zealand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Niger"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Niger" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=45"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Niger.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Niger.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Niger" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger"&gt;Niger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A decree banning smoking in public places in &lt;a title="Niger" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger"&gt;Niger&lt;/a&gt; was issued in September 2008. Fines range from 5,000 to 1 million &lt;a title="CFA franc" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFA_franc"&gt;CFA francs&lt;/a&gt;, whilst there is also the possibility of a prison term.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-58"&gt;[59]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Nigeria"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Nigeria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=46"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Nigeria.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Nigeria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is prohibited in public places in &lt;a title="Nigeria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt; and is punishable by a fine of not less than N200 and not exceeding N1000 or to imprisonment to a term of not less than one month and not exceeding two years or to both such fine and imprisonment.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-59"&gt;[60]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-60"&gt;[61]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Norway"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Norway" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=47"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Norway.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Norway.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Norway" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"&gt;Norway&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Norway" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"&gt;Norway&lt;/a&gt;, smoking has been banned in public buildings and in private buildings that are open to the public (like restaurants, bars, cafes) since &lt;a title="June 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1"&gt;1 June&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"&gt;2004&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Pakistan"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Pakistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=48"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Pakistan.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Pakistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"&gt;Pakistan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A ban on workplace, restaurants, hotels and other public smoking nationwide came into effect from May 31 , 2003.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Peru"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Peru" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=49"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Peru.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Peru.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Peru" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"&gt;Peru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Peru" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"&gt;Peru&lt;/a&gt;, it is nominally illegal to smoke in any public place (indoors), according to Law 25357. The ban is normally not enforced.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Philippines"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=50"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the Philippines.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"&gt;Philippines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Davao" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao"&gt;Davao&lt;/a&gt; has banned smoking in a large number of public places, including public buildings, entertainment venues, hospitals, shopping malls, concerts since 2002. Smoking at gasoline stations outdoors in banned.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-61"&gt;[62]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Manila" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila"&gt;Manila&lt;/a&gt; has banned smoking in large public areas like hospitals, malls, public transport, as well as &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Makati" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati"&gt;Makati&lt;/a&gt; in 2002 Ordinance 2002-090, banning all public transport and enclosed indoor smoking.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-62"&gt;[63]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the rule for the banning of indoor smoking is not followed for a vast majority of bars and pubs in Makati and other places in Metro Manila, examples of which are Embassy bar in Taguig, bars in Tomas Morato, and the Alchemy bar in Pasig City, among others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Portugal"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Portugal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=51"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Portugal.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Portugal.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Portugal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="May 3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_3"&gt;May 3&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a title="Portugal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"&gt;Portuguese&lt;/a&gt; parliament made a law banning smoking in all public places, except marked enclosed rooms. It went into effect &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;January 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;. Smokers who break the law face a fine of up to €1000 (~US$1300) and establishments that break the law will face a fine of up to €2500 (~US$3400). The legal age to purchase tobacco is 18.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-63"&gt;[64]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Puerto_Rico"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Puerto Rico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=52"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Puerto Rico.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Puerto Rico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico"&gt;Puerto Rico&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Law Num. 40 from 1993, the Law to Regulate the Smoking Practice in Public Places, and its later 1996 amendment Law 133, regulate smoking in private and public places. The most recent modification established in [March 2, 2007], Law 66, amended articles 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 11 of Law Num. 40, forbids this practice inside jails, pubs, restaurants (including open-air terraces with one or more employees), bars, casinos, workplaces, educational institutions, cars with children under age 13 and most public places. Smoking sections are not allowed. Fines start at $250.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Russia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Russia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=53"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Russia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Russia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Russia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"&gt;Russia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Russia does not yet have a smoking ban in force, however there is some proposed legislation in the Duma. The legislation, passed by the State Duma 406-0, bans smoking in workplaces, on aircraft, trains and municipal transport as well as in schools, hospitals and government buildings. It requires specially designated smoking areas to be set up and also requires restaurants and cafes to set up no-smoking areas. Russia's no smoking bill must go through two more readings in the Duma before being sent to the Federation Council for approval and to President Dmitry Medvedev for his signature.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-64"&gt;[65]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Singapore"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Singapore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=54"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Singapore.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Singapore.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Singapore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="image" title="A sign in Singapore to indicate that smoking is allowed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Singapore-smoking-area.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Singapore-smoking-area.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A sign in &lt;a title="Singapore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"&gt;Singapore&lt;/a&gt; to indicate that smoking is allowed&lt;br /&gt;Smoking was banned in hawker centres, coffee-shops, cafes and fast-food outlets beginning &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;. For establishments with an outdoor area, 10-20% of the area can be set aside for smoking, although they would have to be clearly marked to avoid confusion. Gradually, the ban has been extended to bus interchanges and shelters, public toilets and public swimming complexes.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-65"&gt;[66]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, the ban was extended to entertainment nightspots. The rule allows for the construction of designated smoking rooms which can take up to 10% of the total indoor space.&lt;br /&gt;From &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2009" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009"&gt;2009&lt;/a&gt;, the ban will be extended to all children's playgrounds, exercise areas, markets, underground and multi-storey carparks, ferry terminals and jetties. It will also be extended to non-air conditioned areas in offices, factories, shops, shopping complexes and lift lobbies.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-66"&gt;[67]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smokers found flouting the rules are fined &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="S$" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S$"&gt;S$&lt;/a&gt;200 while the owners of the establishments are fined S$200 and S$500 for a subsequent offence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Serbia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Serbia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=55"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Serbia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Serbia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Serbia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia"&gt;Serbia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Serbia, smoking is prohibited in some enclosed public spaces such as hospitals since 2005 but the ban does not cover restuarants, bars, internet cafes, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Slovenia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Slovenia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=56"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Slovenia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Slovenia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia"&gt;Slovenia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="June 22" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_22"&gt;22 June&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, the Slovenian National Assembly approved a law prohibiting smoking in all indoor public and work places, effective &lt;a title="August 5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_5"&gt;5 August&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;. Exempted from the ban are "open public areas, special smoking hotel rooms, special smoking areas in elderly care centres and jails, and special smoking chambers in bars and other work places. The smoking chambers, which will have to meet strict technical standards, will however not be allowed to occupy more than 20% of an establishment."&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-67"&gt;[68]&lt;/a&gt; The law also raised the minimum age to purchase tobacco products from 15 to 18 and mandated that tobacco labels carry the telephone number of a quit-smoking hotline.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0South_Africa"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  South Africa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=57"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of South Africa.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="South Africa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"&gt;South Africa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="South African Government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Government"&gt;South African Government&lt;/a&gt; passed the first &lt;a title="Tobacco Products Control Act" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_Products_Control_Act"&gt;Tobacco Products Control Act&lt;/a&gt; in 1993 and started implementing the act in 1995. The act regulated &lt;a title="Smoking" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking"&gt;smoking&lt;/a&gt; in public areas and prohibited tobacco sales to people under the age of 16. Some aspects of &lt;a title="Tobacco advertising" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_advertising"&gt;tobacco advertising&lt;/a&gt; was also regulated for example labelling. "&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-68"&gt;[69]&lt;/a&gt; The 1993 act was not considered to be comprehensive enough and the Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act was passed in 1999. This act bans all advertising and promotion of &lt;a title="Tobacco" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco"&gt;tobacco&lt;/a&gt; products, including &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Sponsorship" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsorship"&gt;sponsorship&lt;/a&gt; and free distribution of tobacco products. The act also restricts smoking in public places which includes the workplace, restaurants and bars and public transport. The act also stipulates penalties for transgressors of the law, and specifies the maximum permissible levels of &lt;a title="Tar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar"&gt;tar&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Nicotine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine"&gt;nicotine&lt;/a&gt;. The regulations were implemented in 2001. "&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-69"&gt;[70]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government proposed further amendments to the bill in 2007 which will seek to deal with new practices designed to circumvent the provisions of the Act. These amendments will also aim to bring the current law into &lt;a title="Compliance" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compliance"&gt;compliance&lt;/a&gt; with the &lt;a title="World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization_Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control"&gt;World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control&lt;/a&gt; (FCTC). This framework has been &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Ratified" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratified"&gt;ratified&lt;/a&gt; by the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="South African government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_government"&gt;South African government&lt;/a&gt;. "&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-70"&gt;[71]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The South African government is currently looking at increasing the minimum legal age for smokers to 18. "&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-71"&gt;[72]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Spain"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Spain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=58"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Spain.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Spain.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Spain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From &lt;a title="January 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1"&gt;1 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;, the law bans smoking in offices, shops, schools, hospitals, cultural centres and on public transport, including stations and airports. The law also states that restaurants and bars over 100 m² can designate a smoking area, but it has to be physically separated and may occupy at most 30% of the total floor space of the establishment. Establishments smaller than 100 sq.m. may choose whether to allow or prohibit smoking (most have allowed it). Additionally, the law prohibits the sale of tobacco products to persons under 18 years of age and limits the places in which tobacco can be sold.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-72"&gt;[73]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Months later, the &lt;a title="Community of Madrid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_Madrid"&gt;community of Madrid&lt;/a&gt; made a decree which states that restaurants over 100 m² are not required to make complete physical separation of the smoking and non-smoking areas. Three other &lt;a title="Autonomous communities of Spain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain"&gt;autonomous communities&lt;/a&gt; made similar decrees watering down the law, so that smoking areas are only required to be separated with ventilation systems.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-73"&gt;[74]&lt;/a&gt; See &lt;a class="extiw" title="es:Ley Antitabaco de España" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Antitabaco_de_Espa%C3%B1a"&gt;Spanish Antismoking Law&lt;/a&gt;. (Spanish)&lt;br /&gt;Since &lt;a title="Spain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt; is a somewhat decentralised country, a few autonomous communities, such as &lt;a title="Madrid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid"&gt;Madrid&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Valencian Community" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencian_Community"&gt;Valencia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="La Rioja" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Rioja"&gt;La Rioja&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a title="Balearic Islands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balearic_Islands"&gt;Balearic Islands&lt;/a&gt;, have started an official but undeclared &lt;a title="Boycott" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott"&gt;boycott&lt;/a&gt; of the Law, approved in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Parliament" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Parliament"&gt;Spanish Parliament&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a title="Unanimity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unanimity"&gt;unanimity&lt;/a&gt;. These communities are also using the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Courts" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts"&gt;courts&lt;/a&gt; to even make the law lighter, something impossible as the smoking ban law is a &lt;a class="new" title="Spanish Basic Law (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Basic_Law&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1"&gt;Spanish Basic Law&lt;/a&gt; that can't be modified by local or autonomous governments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Sweden"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Sweden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=59"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Sweden.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Sweden.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Sweden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Sweden, smoking was banned in restaurants, cafes, bars and nightclubs in June 2005. Smoking rooms are, however, allowed in these institutions. The smoking rooms contains a few restrictions; no serving or consumption of food or beverages are allowed in the smoking rooms and it may not cover more than 25% of the institution's total area. The ban was very popular amongst the population and even the industries affected.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-74"&gt;[75]&lt;/a&gt; In January 2008, &lt;a title="Swedish Prison and Probation Service" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Prison_and_Probation_Service"&gt;The Swedish Prison and Probation Service&lt;/a&gt; banned smoking indoors in prisons.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-75"&gt;[76]&lt;/a&gt; Smoking is still allowed in hotel rooms and at airports which have designated smoking areas, including most major airports.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Switzerland"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=60"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Switzerland.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a title="Appenzell (district)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appenzell_(district)"&gt;Appenzell_(district)&lt;/a&gt; R/E, for all closed public area. (See Airpur.ch&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-76"&gt;[77]&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a title="Geneva" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva"&gt;Geneva&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, banned in public places by February referendum,&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-77"&gt;[78]&lt;/a&gt; but overturned by the &lt;a title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland"&gt;Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland&lt;/a&gt; as unconstitutional on &lt;a title="September 30" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_30"&gt;30 September&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-78"&gt;[79]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Grisons" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisons"&gt;Grisons&lt;/a&gt;, for all closed public area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Gallen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Gallen"&gt;Saint-Gallen&lt;/a&gt;, for all closed public area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Soleure" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleure"&gt;Soleure&lt;/a&gt;, for all closed public area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a title="Ticino" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticino"&gt;Ticino&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="April 12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_12"&gt;12 April&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;, banned in restaurants, cafes, bars, nightclubs and public places &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-79"&gt;[80]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Uri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri"&gt;Uri&lt;/a&gt; , decision on 1 june 2008, will start 1st september 2009.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Cantons of Switzerland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland"&gt;Canton&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a title="Valais" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais"&gt;Valais&lt;/a&gt;, for all closed public area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Taiwan"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Taiwan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=61"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the Republic of China.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Republic of China" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China"&gt;Taiwan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is prohibited in the following places:&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-80"&gt;[81]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;schools under the level of senior high school and other places in which the main purpose is to provide education or a venue for activities to children and teenagers&lt;br /&gt;the indoor places of colleges or universities, libraries, museums, art galleries, and other institutions for cultural or social education&lt;br /&gt;the places of medical treatment centers, nursing institutions, other medical institutions, and social welfare organizations, with the exception of the indoor smoking rooms of welfare organizations for the elderly with independent ventilation systems and that are completely separated from the non-smoking areas (rooms), or the outdoor places of said social welfare organizations for the elderly&lt;br /&gt;the indoor places of governmental agencies and state-owned enterprises&lt;br /&gt;mass transportation vehicles, taxicabs, tour buses, the MRT system, stations, and traveler waiting areas&lt;br /&gt;places where flammable or explosive articles are manufactured, stored, or sold&lt;br /&gt;business places of financial institutions, post offices, and telecommunication enterprises&lt;br /&gt;places providing indoor physical training, sports, or body fitness&lt;br /&gt;inside classrooms, reading rooms, laboratories, performance halls and auditoriums, exhibition halls, conference halls (rooms) and elevators&lt;br /&gt;the indoor places of opera houses, movie theaters, audiovisual singing businesses, information leisure businesses, and other public leisure entertainment places&lt;br /&gt;the indoor places of hotels, shopping malls, dining and drinking establishments, and other places for public consumption, except for those places with indoor smoking rooms that have independent ventilation systems and that are completely separated from the non-smoking areas (rooms), semi-open-air restaurants and places that provide drinks, cigar bars, and pubs and audiovisual singing businesses that open business after nine o’clock in the evening and are restricted to those 18 years of age or older&lt;br /&gt;indoor workplaces shared by more than three persons&lt;br /&gt;other indoor places for public use and places or transportation vehicles designated by the competent authorities at each level.&lt;br /&gt;Conspicuous non-smoking signs shall be placed at all entrances of the places prescribed in the preceding paragraph. No smoking paraphernalia shall be supplied or displayed therein.&lt;br /&gt;Guidelines for related measures of space, equipment and establishment of the indoor smoking rooms prescribed in the preceding Subparagraph 3 of Paragraph 1 and the provision of the preceding Subparagraph 11 of Paragraph 1 shall be enacted by the central competent authority in charge.&lt;br /&gt;As per the authorization of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act (“the Act” hereafter) promulgated on July 11, 2007, the guidelines for related measures of space, equipment and establishment of the indoor smoking rooms (“the room” hereafter) prescribed in the Act’s Subparagraph 3 of Paragraph 1 in Article 15 and the provision of the Act’s Subparagraph 11 of Paragraph 1 in Article 15 were enacted by Department of Health, Executive Yuan, and are summarized as follows&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-81"&gt;[82]&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;The area shall be above 6 m2 and below 35 m2. It may occupy at most 20% of the total floor space of the establishment.&lt;br /&gt;No services other than smoking, cleaning or maintenance shall be provided.&lt;br /&gt;The room shall be fully separated with physical barriers from other areas of the building.&lt;br /&gt;The entrance shall be sliding door type with automatic closing mechanism. It shall remain closed except when people enter or leave the room.&lt;br /&gt;The requirements of the independent air-conditioning and ventilation systems of the room are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;equipped with fresh air and exhaust ductwork directly connecting to outdoor area and independent to any other indoor spaces, air-conditioning or ventilation systems;&lt;br /&gt;negative pressure of 8 Pa;&lt;br /&gt;ventilation rate of 30 m3/hour per m2 of floor area of the room and replaces the full volume of air 10 times per hour;&lt;br /&gt;distance between the exhaust vent of the room and the entrance of the building or any other buildings or nonsmoking areas shall be above 5 m.&lt;br /&gt;The room shall not be in operation 1 hour before and after the cleaning or maintenance work and the independent air-conditioning and ventilation system shall remain on during this period.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Thailand"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Thailand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=62"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Thailand.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Thailand.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Thailand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand"&gt;Thailand&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indoor smoking ban effective in all indoor air conditioned establishments throughout Thailand since November 2002, with entertainment areas exempted. Cigarettes have graphic pictures since 2005, and advertising is banned. Enforcement and compliance have been strong.&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="January 10" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_10"&gt;10 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, Thailand announced that smoking would be banned in restaurants, bars, and open-air markets effective &lt;a title="February 10" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_10"&gt;10 February&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;. In addition to fines, those who fail to comply may be arrested. Many bars ignore the ban.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Turkey"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Turkey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=63"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Turkey.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Turkey.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Turkey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking was first banned in 1997 in public buildings with more than four workers, as well as planes and public buses. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-82"&gt;[83]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="January 3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_3"&gt;3 January&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Turkey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt; passed a law banning smoking in all indoor spaces including bars, cafés and restaurants. It also bans smoking in &lt;a title="Stadium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium"&gt;sports stadia&lt;/a&gt;, and the gardens of &lt;a title="Mosque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque"&gt;mosques&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Hospital" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital"&gt;hospitals&lt;/a&gt;. The smoking ban came into force on &lt;a title="May 19" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_19"&gt;May 19&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"&gt;2008&lt;/a&gt;, however bars, restauntants and cafes are exempted until July 2009 &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-83"&gt;[84]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Uganda"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Uganda" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=64"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Uganda.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Uganda.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Uganda" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda"&gt;Uganda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In March 2004, smoking was banned in public places, including workplaces, and restaurant &amp;amp; bars. An extension to private homes is being considered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0United_Arab_Emirates"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  United Arab Emirates" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=65"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="United Arab Emirates" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates"&gt;United Arab Emirates&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;States in the United Arab Emirates recently started banning smoking in shopping malls and public places. States leading the ban on smoking include &lt;a title="Abu Dhabi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi"&gt;Abu Dhabi&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-84"&gt;[85]&lt;/a&gt; , &lt;a title="Ajman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajman"&gt;Ajman&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-85"&gt;[86]&lt;/a&gt; , &lt;a title="Dubai" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai"&gt;Dubai&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-86"&gt;[87]&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Sharjah (emirate)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharjah_(emirate)"&gt;Sharjah&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-87"&gt;[88]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0United_Kingdom"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=66"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the United Kingdom.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the &lt;a title="United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt; smoking bans were introduced separately by the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Devolved" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devolved"&gt;devolved&lt;/a&gt; administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The &lt;a title="Parliament of the United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom"&gt;UK Parliament&lt;/a&gt; then followed suit and introduced a ban for &lt;a title="England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"&gt;England&lt;/a&gt;. Since &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt; smoking bans have been in effect across the whole of the UK.&lt;br /&gt;In chronological order by country:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Scotland"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Scotland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=67"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Scotland.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Scotland.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Scotland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland"&gt;Scotland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;a title="March 26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_26"&gt;26 March&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Scotland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland"&gt;Scotland&lt;/a&gt; prohibited smoking in enclosed (more than 50% covered) public places, which includes public buildings, workplaces, sports stadiums, bars and restaurants. Exemptions are in place to allow hotel guests to smoke in their own rooms, as long as the hotel has designated them as smoking rooms. The law also bans smoking in bus shelters, phone boxes or other shelters that are more than 50% enclosed. It also prohibits smoking in trucks and vans which are owned by a company whether or not the driver is the only person inside. Businesses covered by the smoking ban must display a statutory smoking sign at the entrance to, and around the building &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-88"&gt;[89]&lt;/a&gt; as well as a Smoke-Free policy. Opinion Polls at its introduction showed a clear majority of the Scottish public were in favour of the ban&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-89"&gt;[90]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As in New Zealand, the ban was initially criticised by certain interested groups (e.g. publicans, cafe and &lt;a title="Bingo (UK)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingo_(UK)"&gt;bingo&lt;/a&gt; hall owners etc.) who feared that it would adversely impact their businesses. A survey published by the Scottish Beer &amp;amp; Pubs Association one year on from the ban concluded that "the number of pub licensed premises in Scotland has remained more or less constant over the last year"&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-90"&gt;[91]&lt;/a&gt; indicating fears of an adverse impact of the ban on the hospitality industry were unfounded. Widespread concerns prior to the ban about its impact on Bingo Halls&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-91"&gt;[92]&lt;/a&gt; prove harder to objectively assess: As at May 2008 there is anecdotal evidence&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-92"&gt;[93]&lt;/a&gt; to suggest an increase in closures of Bingo Halls since implementation of the ban. However no statistical analysis has been conducted and speculation within the betting and gaming industry is that a decline could also be the result of demographic changes and increases in online gaming&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-93"&gt;[94]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a title="NHS Scotland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Scotland"&gt;NHS Scotland&lt;/a&gt; Quit Smoking Line reported it received an additional 50,000 calls from people wishing to give up in the six months after the ban was introduced.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-94"&gt;[95]&lt;/a&gt;. In September 2007 a study of nine Scottish hospitals over the 12 months following the ban reported positively on its impact on the country's health, including a 17% drop in admissions for heart attacks, compared with average reductions of 3% per year for the previous decade &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-95"&gt;[96]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Wales"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Wales 2.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Wales_2.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Wales" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"&gt;Wales&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking was banned across all enclosed public premises and work premises in &lt;a title="Wales" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"&gt;Wales&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a title="April 2" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2"&gt;2 April&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;. Adherence is widespread and public houses report increases in takings since the ban came into place.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-96"&gt;[97]&lt;/a&gt; However, six months after the ban's implementation, the Licensed Victuallers Association (LVA), which represents pub operators across Wales, claims that pubs have lost up to 20% of their trade. The LVA says some businesses are on the brink of closure, others have already closed down, and there is little optimism that trade will eventually return to pre-ban levels.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-97"&gt;[98]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Public places must display a special bilingual no smoking sign:&lt;br /&gt;"Mae ysmygu yn y fangre hon yn erbyn y gyfraith" (Welsh)&lt;br /&gt;"It is against the law to smoke in these premises" (English)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Northern_Ireland" name="Northern_Ireland"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section: Northern Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=69"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="NIShape.gif" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NIShape.gif"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="Northern Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland"&gt;Northern Ireland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Northern Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland"&gt;Northern Ireland&lt;/a&gt;, a smoking ban has been in effect since &lt;a title="April 30" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_30"&gt;30 April&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;. It is illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. This includes bars, restaurants, offices (even if the smoker is the only person in the office) and public buildings. Like &lt;a title="Scotland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland"&gt;Scotland&lt;/a&gt;, the smoking ban is more comprehensive in that places, such as phone boxes and enclosed bus/train shelters are included. The on-the-spot fine for smoking in a workplace is £50 (~€70/~$100), while a business that allows it can be fined £2,500 (~€3,700/~$5,000).&lt;br /&gt;A £200 fine may be levied by local councils if businesses fail to show signs. An opinion poll showed that 91% of people supported the ban.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-98"&gt;[99]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-99"&gt;[100]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0England"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=70"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of England.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_England.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"&gt;England&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;a title="Smoking ban in England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_ban_in_England"&gt;Smoking ban in England&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking was banned in indoor public places in &lt;a title="England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"&gt;England&lt;/a&gt;, including workplaces, bars, clubs and restaurants, on &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;1 July&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;. Some places, such as certain smoking hotel rooms, nursing homes, prisons, submarines, offshore oil rigs, and stages/television sets (if needed for the performance) are excluded. Palaces were also excluded,&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-100"&gt;[101]&lt;/a&gt; although members of the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_House_of_Commons"&gt;House of Commons&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a title="House of Lords" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords"&gt;House of Lords&lt;/a&gt; agreed to ban all smoking in the &lt;a title="Palace of Westminster" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster"&gt;Palace of Westminster&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-101"&gt;[102]&lt;/a&gt; The on-the-spot fine for smoking in a workplace is £50 (~€70/~$100), £30 (~€45/~$60) if one pays within 15 days, while a business that allows it can be fined £2,500 (~€3,700/~$5,000). Smoking will be allowed to continue anywhere outdoors.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-102"&gt;[103]&lt;/a&gt; However, a confidential government briefing obtained by &lt;a title="The Independent" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent"&gt;The Independent&lt;/a&gt; on Sunday newspaper reveals that provisions are in place for extending the ban to outdoor areas.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-103"&gt;[104]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0United_Nations"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=71"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the United Nations.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"&gt;United Nations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As &lt;a title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"&gt;United Nations&lt;/a&gt; buildings are not the subject of any national jurisdiction, the &lt;a title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"&gt;United Nations&lt;/a&gt; has its own smoking and non-smoking policies. Following the gradual introduction of partial smoking bans between 1985 and 2003, Secretary-General &lt;a title="Kofi Annan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan"&gt;Kofi Annan&lt;/a&gt; introduced in 2003 a total ban on smoking at &lt;a title="United Nations Headquarters" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters"&gt;United Nations Headquarters&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-104"&gt;[105]&lt;/a&gt; Similar bans have not been introduced in field offices of the &lt;a title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"&gt;United Nations&lt;/a&gt; worldwide.&lt;br /&gt;Some specialized agencies of the &lt;a title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"&gt;United Nations&lt;/a&gt;, such as the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="UNICEF" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF"&gt;United Nations Children's Fund&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="WHO" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO"&gt;World Health Organization&lt;/a&gt; have their own strict smoking bans which apply to their offices worldwide, but the same is not necessarily true for entities of the Secretariat, such as the &lt;a title="Department of Peacekeeping Operations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Peacekeeping_Operations"&gt;Department of Peacekeeping Operations&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="OCHA" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCHA"&gt;Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)&lt;/a&gt;. Only on 13 December 2007, OCHA introduced a smoking ban applicable to all its field offices.&lt;br /&gt;For more information visit &lt;a class="external free" title="http://www.nosmokinglaw.co.uk" href="http://www.nosmokinglaw.co.uk/" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.nosmokinglaw.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0United_States"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=72"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the United States.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;a title="List of smoking bans in the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans_in_the_United_States"&gt;List of smoking bans in the United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the &lt;a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt;, the question of smoking is determined at the &lt;a title="U.S. state" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"&gt;state&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal"&gt;municipal&lt;/a&gt; level, not by the &lt;a title="Federal government of the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States"&gt;federal government&lt;/a&gt;; therefore, smoking policies are instituted at the state or local level. Over 50% of Americans are covered by a ban ordinance of some degree.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-105"&gt;[106]&lt;/a&gt; Coverage varies from total smoking bans even outdoors to no ban at all. The West Coast and its cities tend to have the earliest and most prohibitive bans.&lt;br /&gt;One notable exception to this rule is &lt;a title="Portland, Oregon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon"&gt;Portland&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Oregon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon"&gt;Oregon&lt;/a&gt;. Portland (and all of surrounding &lt;a title="Multnomah County, Oregon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon"&gt;Multnomah County&lt;/a&gt;) still allows smoking in bars and truck stops.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-106"&gt;[107]&lt;/a&gt; Oregon's state-wide smoking ban will not go into effect until January, 2009.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-107"&gt;[108]&lt;/a&gt; Other Oregon cities, such as &lt;a title="Eugene, Oregon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon"&gt;Eugene&lt;/a&gt; have already passed smoking bans.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-108"&gt;[109]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Uruguay"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Uruguay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=73"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Uruguay.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Uruguay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay"&gt;Uruguay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main article: &lt;a title="Smoking in Uruguay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_in_Uruguay"&gt;Smoking in Uruguay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In March 2006, it became illegal in &lt;a title="Uruguay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay"&gt;Uruguay&lt;/a&gt; to smoke in enclosed public spaces. Now bars, restaurants or offices where people are caught smoking face fines of more than $1,100 or a three-day closure. This makes Uruguay the first country in South America to ban smoking in enclosed public spaces.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-bbcuruguay-109"&gt;[110]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anti-smoking groups estimate that as many as a third of Uruguay's 3.4 million people smoke. &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="President of Uruguay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Uruguay"&gt;President&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Tabaré Vázquez" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabar%C3%A9_V%C3%A1zquez"&gt;Tabaré Vázquez&lt;/a&gt;, a practicing &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Oncologist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncologist"&gt;oncologist&lt;/a&gt;, has cited reports suggesting about seven people die each day in Uruguay (an estimated 5,000 people a year) from smoking-related causes including lung cancer, emphysema and other illnesses.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-110"&gt;[111]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Vatican_City"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Vatican City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=74"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of the Vatican City.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Vatican City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City"&gt;Vatican City&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On July 1, 2002 a law signed by &lt;a title="Pope John Paul II" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II"&gt;Pope John Paul II&lt;/a&gt; became effective which banned smoking on all places accessible to the public and in all closed places of work within the &lt;a title="Vatican City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City"&gt;Vatican City&lt;/a&gt; and within all extraterritorial &lt;a title="Properties of the Holy See" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See"&gt;properties of the Holy See&lt;/a&gt;. Smoking bans in museums, libraries and churches on Vatican territory were already in force before that date for a long time.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-111"&gt;[112]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Vietnam"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Vietnam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=75"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Vietnam.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Vietnam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam"&gt;Vietnam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Vietnamese government has banned smoking and cigarette sales in offices, production facilities, schools, hospitals, and on public transport nationwide &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-112"&gt;[113]&lt;/a&gt; Smoking was banned in enclosed indoor spaces and public facilities in &lt;a title="Ho Chi Minh City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City"&gt;Ho Chi Minh City&lt;/a&gt; in 2005 with the exception of entertainment areas.&lt;br /&gt;A ban has also been imposed on all forms of advertisement, trade promotion, and sponsorship by tobacco companies, as well as cigarette sales through vending machines, or over the telephone and on the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=".C2.A0Zambia"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section:  Zambia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=76"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;a class="image" title="Flag of Zambia.svg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Zambia.svg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Zambia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"&gt;Zambia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is prohibited in public places in &lt;a title="Zambia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"&gt;Zambia&lt;/a&gt; and is punishable by a fine of K400,000 or imprisonment of up to two years. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-113"&gt;[114]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-114"&gt;[115]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Outdoor_smoking_bans" name="Outdoor_smoking_bans"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section: Outdoor smoking bans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=77"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Outdoor smoking bans&lt;br /&gt;It is illegal to smoke on a bus or in a bus shelter in &lt;a title="Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland"&gt;Ireland&lt;/a&gt; it is also the first country in the world to impose a ban on smoking outdoor within 3-meters of a public building.&lt;br /&gt;In the &lt;a title="Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"&gt;Australian&lt;/a&gt; state of &lt;a title="Queensland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland"&gt;Queensland&lt;/a&gt;, smoking is prohibited within four metres of entrances to public buildings, within 10 metres of children's playground equipment, in commercial outdoor eating or drinking areas, at patrolled beaches, and at all major sports stadiums.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-115"&gt;[116]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some beaches in &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney, Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney,_Australia"&gt;Sydney, Australia&lt;/a&gt; have smoking bans in place.&lt;br /&gt;Smoking indoors or outdoors on land owned by the NSW Department of Education is banned&lt;br /&gt;From &lt;a title="March 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_1"&gt;1 March&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;, in &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia"&gt;Victoria, Australia&lt;/a&gt; smoking is banned from all covered train platforms, bus and tram stops.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-116"&gt;[117]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.cmh.org/" href="http://www.cmh.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Cambridge Memorial Hospital&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a title="Cambridge, Ontario" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario"&gt;Cambridge, Ontario&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"&gt;Canada&lt;/a&gt; enacted a total (outdoor) smoking ban, believed to be the first in the entire province if not country, as of October 2004. At the same time, &lt;a title="Wilfrid Laurier University" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University"&gt;Wilfrid Laurier University&lt;/a&gt; in the nearby &lt;a title="Waterloo, Ontario" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario"&gt;City of Waterloo, Ontario&lt;/a&gt; proposed a similar total smoking ban on its property, after its &lt;a class="external text" title="http://www.wlu.ca/page.php?grp_id=" s_id="146&amp;amp;sb_id=" p_id="147" href="http://www.wlu.ca/page.php?grp_id=158&amp;amp;s_id=146&amp;amp;sb_id=286&amp;amp;p_id=147" rel="nofollow"&gt;10 metre outdoor proximity ban&lt;/a&gt; (enacted in 2002) failed. WLU was presumed to be the third Canadian (public) post-secondary institution to consider such measures, after Carleton and Acadia.&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is prohibited in &lt;a title="Hamilton Street Railway" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Street_Railway"&gt;Hamilton Street Railway&lt;/a&gt; bus shelters in &lt;a title="Hamilton, Ontario" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario"&gt;Hamilton, Ontario&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;It is illegal to smoke on a bus or in a bus shelter in &lt;a title="Winnipeg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg"&gt;Winnipeg&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Manitoba" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba"&gt;Manitoba&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;It is illegal to smoke on a bus or in a bus shelter as well as any less than 4 metres from any entrance in &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Urban Area" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Urban_Area"&gt;Halifax&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Nova Scotia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia"&gt;Nova Scotia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary, Alberta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary,_Alberta"&gt;Calgary, Alberta&lt;/a&gt; banned all outdoor patio smoking at bars, restaurants and casinos on &lt;a title="July 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1"&gt;July 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="2005" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005"&gt;2005&lt;/a&gt;. Nova Scotia did the same on &lt;a title="December 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_1"&gt;1 December&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"&gt;2006&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Calabasas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabasas"&gt;Calabasas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="California" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California"&gt;California&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt; banned smoking in almost all indoor and outdoor public places in 2006. Believed to be the strictest ban in the United States. At least 13 California cities (including &lt;a title="Los Angeles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles"&gt;Los Angeles&lt;/a&gt;) have banned smoking on their beaches, at least 4 other California cities (including &lt;a title="San Francisco" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco"&gt;San Francisco&lt;/a&gt;) ban smoking in parks or outdoor venues. For more info see &lt;a title="List of smoking bans in the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_smoking_bans_in_the_United_States#Outdoor_smoking_bans"&gt;List of smoking bans in the United States#Outdoor smoking bans&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Belmont, California" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont,_California"&gt;Belmont, California&lt;/a&gt; banned smoking in outdoor places on &lt;a title="September 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_25"&gt;September 25&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"&gt;2007&lt;/a&gt;. This ban also applies inside condos, apartments and other kinds of multi-unit housing.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-117"&gt;[118]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-118"&gt;[119]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;California has banned smoking within 20 feet (6.1 m) of entrances to any public building.&lt;br /&gt;Selected wards in &lt;a title="Tokyo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo"&gt;Tokyo&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Japan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"&gt;Japan&lt;/a&gt; prohibit smoking on the streets. This ban is enforced and &lt;a title="Violator" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violator"&gt;violators&lt;/a&gt; are fined. In response, free smoking cafes have been provided by &lt;a title="Japan Tobacco" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Tobacco"&gt;Japan Tobacco&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;56% of &lt;a title="Chiyoda, Tokyo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo"&gt;Chiyoda ward&lt;/a&gt;'s land area is a no smoking zone as of April 2007.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Kyoto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto"&gt;Kyoto&lt;/a&gt;, Japan has banned smoking on 7.1 km of its streets in 2007, including busy areas along &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Kawaramachi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawaramachi"&gt;Kawaramachi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="new" title="Karasuma (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karasuma&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1"&gt;Karasuma&lt;/a&gt;-dori and &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Shijo Street" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shijo_Street"&gt;Shijo Street&lt;/a&gt; avenues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Railway stations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_stations"&gt;Railway stations&lt;/a&gt; in Japan are no-smoking except for a few remaining long distance services.&lt;br /&gt;Many English &lt;a title="National Health Service (England)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Service_(England)"&gt;NHS&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Care Trust" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_Care_Trust"&gt;PCTs&lt;/a&gt; ban smoking on it premises both inside and outside hospitals, even places such as the car park and bus stations.&lt;br /&gt;Smoking is banned on all railway platforms in England, regardless of whether they are covered or not. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-119"&gt;[120]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is illegal to smoke on the outdoor property of the institutions of public education in &lt;a title="Slovenia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia"&gt;Slovenia&lt;/a&gt;, penalties are dictated by internal orders of the concerned institutions.&lt;br /&gt;It is illegal to smoke in some bus shelters (complex rules determine which leading to them being largely ignored) and phone boxes in Scotland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Other_bans" name="Other_bans"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section: Other bans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=78"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Other bans&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Turkmenistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan"&gt;Turkmenistan&lt;/a&gt;, under decree from &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="President for life" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_for_life"&gt;President for life&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a title="Saparmurat Niyazov" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saparmurat_Niyazov"&gt;Saparmurat Niyazov&lt;/a&gt;, has banned the chewing of tobacco.&lt;br /&gt;All public and Catholic schools in the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Region of Waterloo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_of_Waterloo"&gt;Region of Waterloo&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a title="Ontario" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario"&gt;Ontario&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"&gt;Canada&lt;/a&gt; banned smoking on school property in Autumn 1994. A province wide smoking ban on school property is slated to begin for the 2007/2008 school year in &lt;a title="British Columbia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"&gt;British Columbia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"&gt;Canada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Tobacco fatwa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_fatwa"&gt;Tobacco fatwa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="Iran" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"&gt;Iran&lt;/a&gt; (1891), &lt;a title="Egypt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt; (2000)&lt;br /&gt;Australia has a federal law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of all smokeless tobacco products. The sale of oral snuff and chewing tobacco has been banned since 1989 under the Trade Practices Act 1974.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-120"&gt;[121]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Other_restrictions" name="Other_restrictions"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section: Other restrictions" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=79"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Other restrictions&lt;br /&gt;In some countries, such as &lt;a title="Germany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a title="Russia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"&gt;Russia&lt;/a&gt;, bans enacted earlier allow for smoking sections in restaurants, as well as possible special rooms for use by smokers in other workplaces (though many employers prefer not to incur the costs of building and maintaining such rooms).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Proposed_bans" name="Proposed_bans"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a title="Edit section: Proposed bans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=80"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Proposed bans&lt;br /&gt;In 2008, the Irish (&lt;a title="Ireland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland"&gt;Ireland&lt;/a&gt;) Government will impose a ban on tobacco advertising in shops (advertising is already banned in print, on radio and television and on billboards) and ensure that cigarettes and other tobacco products remain out of sight in shops - they are already "behind the counter" products.&lt;br /&gt;In the &lt;a title="Czech Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"&gt;Czech Republic&lt;/a&gt;, there is a bill to prohibit smoking in all public areas and in all enclosed areas in pubs, restaurants, bars and others that do not have a separate room designated for smoking that has permanent ventilation and does not have an effect on smoke-free sections. There have recently been several bills proposing similar smoking restrictions, but these have never been enacted by the &lt;a title="Chamber of Deputies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies"&gt;Chamber of Deputies&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-121"&gt;[122]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="New Caledonia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonia"&gt;New Caledonia&lt;/a&gt; is likely to introduce restrictions on smoking in public places following a recent 25-nation global air-quality monitoring initiative.&lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-122"&gt;[123]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian province" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_province"&gt;Canadian province&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a title="Ontario" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario"&gt;Ontario&lt;/a&gt; has introduced legislation to ban smoking in vehicles carrying passengers below the age of 16.&lt;a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.northernnews.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=" href="http://www.northernnews.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=943397" rel="nofollow"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=" billid="1928" href="http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=en&amp;amp;BillID=1928" rel="nofollow"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government of &lt;a title="Kanagawa Prefecture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture"&gt;Kanagawa Prefecture&lt;/a&gt; in Japan has compiled a basic plan for an ordinance to ban smoking in hotels, restaurants and other public places to be submitted to legislature in March 2009. It would be the first such local ordinance in Japan.&lt;br /&gt;In &lt;a title="Bulgaria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/a&gt; the Ministry of Health is considering a ban on tobacco smoking in all public places by the summer of 2010. Bulgaria has an engagement to restrict tobacco smoking by 2011 with the &lt;a title="World Health Organization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization"&gt;World Health Organization&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_smoking_bans&amp;amp;printable=yes#cite_note-123"&gt;[124]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="Lack_of_smoking_bans" name="Lack_of_smoking_bans"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Lack of smoking bans&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some countries have no legislation against smoking whatsoever. These countries include Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, and many other countries in Central and Western Africa, where people can smoke wherever they want.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="See_also" name="See_also"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-438513399260157019?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/438513399260157019/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=438513399260157019' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/438513399260157019'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/438513399260157019'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/list-of-smoking-bans-by-country.html' title='List of smoking bans by country.'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-1765159611440924369</id><published>2008-11-20T08:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:13:43.916-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Rahasia Ketua DPR Tinggalkan Rokok</title><content type='html'>JAKARTA, &lt;br /&gt;Ketua DPR Agung Laksono adalah perokok berat dulunya. Pernah dalam satu masa ia menghabiskan lima bungkus rokok dalam sehari. Kini Agung berhenti total mengisap tembakau.Bagi Agung, tidak ada kata terlambat untuk mengubah pola hidup yang lebih sehat dengan memaksa diri untuk berhenti mengisap rokok, kebiasaan yang dijalani sejak berusia 13 tahun. "Saya semakin dahsyat merokok pada saat SMA dan selanjutnya bekerja. Saat itu, sehari saya bisa menghabiskan lima bungkus rokok," ujarnya di Jakarta, Selasa (2/9).Tidak puas dengan rokok, Agung pun mencoba berbagai jenis dan merek cerutu, mulai dari yang lokal hingga berkelas internasional, seperti cerutu dari Kuba.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hingga pada satu ketika, pada usia 30-an Agung yang sempat menuntut ilmu di Fakultas Kedokteran itu mulai menyadari akan risiko terserang penyakit akibat merokok.Setelah berjuang selama lima tahun untuk menahan diri agar tidak merokok, Agung yang kini juga Wakil Ketua Umum Partai Golkar itu akhirnya berhasil secara total meninggalkan rokok dan tembakau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Salah satu kunci suksesnya meninggalkan rokok adalah dia menceritakan tekadnya berhenti merokok kepada setiap orang. "Dengan cara itu, saya akan merasa malu jika akhirnya gagal meninggalkan rokok. Karenanya tekad saya untuk tidak merokok lagi semakin kuat walaupun pada tiga bulan pertama rasanya berat sekali," katanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-1765159611440924369?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/1765159611440924369/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=1765159611440924369' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/1765159611440924369'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/1765159611440924369'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/rahasia-ketua-dpr-tinggalkan-rokok.html' title='Rahasia Ketua DPR Tinggalkan Rokok'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4544823063810464674</id><published>2008-11-20T07:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-20T08:11:57.506-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Olahraga dan Tidur yang baik mengurangi kanker</title><content type='html'>BEROLAHRAGA teratur memang berfaedah bagi kesehatan terutama menekan risiko kanker. Namun demikian, manfaat aktivitas fisik tidak akan ada artinya apabila kualitas tidur relatif buruk. Suatu riset di Maryland Amerika Serikat melibatkan 5.968 partisipan belum lama ini mengindikasikan, tidur dan olahraga adalah dua komponen yang sama-sama penting dalam mempengaruhi risiko kanker. Kualitas dan kuantitas tidur ikut menentukan besar kecilnya risiko kanker khususnya di kalangan wanita. Mereka yang berolahraga teratur memang berisiko lebih kecil mengidap kanker. Tetapi ketika peneliti menelisik kelompok yang termasuk aktif berolahraga, pemenuhan kebutuhan akan tidur ternyata mempengaruhi risiko kanker.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Partisipan yang tidurnya kurang dari tujuh jam setiap malam tercatat memiliki risiko 47 persen lebih besar mengidap kanker dibanding mereka yang secara fisik aktif dan tidurnya cukup. Hasil peneltian ini dilaporkan dalam jurnal American Association for Cancer Research.Pimpinan riset, James McClain, dari National Cancer Institute menyatakan timnya belum dapat menjelaskan mengapa kurang tidur dapat menyebabkan wanita lebih rentan terhadap kanker. "Mendapat tidur yang cukup sejak lama memang berkaitand dengan kesehatan," kata McClain Para ahli mengatakan kurang tidur yang sifatnya sudah khronis berkaitan dengan problem obesitas, diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi , stroke, penyakit pembuluh darah, depres, kebiasaan merokok dan minum alkohol secara berlebihan.Selain itu, penelitian juga menunjukkan orang yang melakukan olahraga teratur berisiko lebih kecil mengidap kanker payudara, kanker usus dan tipe kanker lainnya. Para ahli memperkirakan, olahraga memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap kadar hormon, kekebalan tubuh dan berat badan.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4544823063810464674?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4544823063810464674/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4544823063810464674' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4544823063810464674'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4544823063810464674'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/olahraga-dan-tidur-yang-baik-mengurangi.html' title='Olahraga dan Tidur yang baik mengurangi kanker'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-7598303817279426192</id><published>2008-11-13T07:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T07:38:47.868-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SERI PENDALAMAN ALKITAB YAKOBUS (16) - Lidah</title><content type='html'>- Bagian 1&lt;br /&gt;oleh Pendeta Jeremiah&lt;br /&gt;Harapan saya studi kita selama ini tentang buku Yakobus telah membantu Anda untuk memahami kekayaan firman Tuhan. Pemahaman akan firman Tuhan sangatlah penting namun yang jauh lebih penting adalah kita harus hidup sesuai dengannya. Hanya dengan cara ini kita menjadi orang yang sesungguhnya diberkati. Karena itu marilah kita dengan rasa kagum dan takjub merenungkan bersama firman Allah.&lt;br /&gt;Kita akan mulai mempelajari pasal 3 hari ini. Kita akan membaca dari Yakobus 3.1-12. Sebenarnya, terdapat satu tema yang sangat menonjol di pasal 3. Ayat-ayat 1-12 mendiskusikan tentang persoalan lidah. Ayat-ayat 13-18 adalah tentang hikmat. Bagaimanapun, jika akan merenungkannya dengan seksama, Anda akan melihat bahwa terdapat satu tema yang sangat jelas yang mengaitkan kedua hal itu. Sebenarnya kedua bagian itu mendiskusikan persoalan yang sama. Saya akan meninggalkan Anda untuk memikirkan tentang pertalian di antara kedua perikop ini. Renungkan dengan seksama apa pertalian di antara kedua perikop ini jika Anda punya waktu.&lt;br /&gt;Kita akan memusatkan perhatian dari ayat 1-ayat 6. Di kesempatan yang akan datang kita akan melihat pada ayat-ayat 7-12 secara lebih rinci. Hari ini saya tidak akan membicarakan ayat 1-2. Saya akan kembali kepada kedua ayat ini di studi kita yang akan datang tentang buku Yakobus. Saya akan mendiskusikan persyaratan khusus yang diperlukan untuk menjadi seorang pengajar. Apakah Yakobus mau membujuk kita untuk tidak menjadi pengajar karena tidak ada satu pun di antara kita yang berani mengklaim bahwa kita tidak pernah berbuat salah dalam hal lidah? - Kita akan menangani persoalan-persoalan ini di diskusi kita yang akan datang.&lt;br /&gt;Yakobus 3.1-12 mendiskusikan tentang persoalan lidah. Sebelum kita masuk untuk melihat dengan lebih mendalam, mari kita lihat apakah terdapat satu pertalian di antara pasal 2 dan 3 dan juga mengambil kesempatan ini untuk lebih menangkap gambaran keseluruhannya. Pasal 3 berbicara mengenai berbagai masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh lidah. Pasal 2 berbicara mengenai mendengar dan melakukan firman, tentang perlunya memiliki iman dan perbuatan. Renungkan hal ini: apa efek buruk yang akan dihasilkan dalam diri seorang yang mendengar firman tetapi tidak melakukannya? Konsekuennya sangat jelas kepada semua orang: seorang yang mendengar firman tetapi tidak melakukannya akan semakin menimbum pengetahuan tentang Alkitab tanpa menunjukkan pertumbuhan spiritual. Sedikit demi sedikit ia akan mulai menggenakan firman Tuhan untuk menyerang orang lain. Dengan demikian firman Tuhan akan menjadi senjata  yang ia gunakan untuk menyerang orang lain. Gejala ini sering terlihat di dalam gereja.&lt;br /&gt;Sangatlah penting bahwa kita mendengar firman dan melakukannya. Jika firman Tuhan tidak mengubah kehidupan kita, hal yang akan terjadi adalah kita akan menggunakannya untuk menghakimi dan mengkritik orang lain. Mungkin sambil Anda mendengar sekarang, Anda sedang berpikir, 'Hal ini justru merupakan masalah si anu. Mungkin ada baiknya saya memintanya untuk mendengarkan pesan ini untuk membantunya melihat masalahnya.'&lt;br /&gt;Janganlah terlalu cepat menggunakan firman Tuhan ke atas orang lain. Cermin ini, atau firman Tuhan ini, diberikan pertama-tama kepada kita untuk kita mengaca atau melihat kondisi diri kita sendiri. Apakah mungkin bahwa orang yang sangat perlu melihat masalahnya adalah diri Anda sendiri? Mungkin Anda lupa memandang ke cermin itu karena Anda begitu terburu-buru menggunakan cermin itu ke atas orang lain. Jika Anda mendengar firman Tuhan dengan sikap yang demikian, maka pasal 3 ini adalah untuk Anda.&lt;br /&gt;Kita dapat juga melihat pada hubungan di antara pasal 2 dan 3 dari sudut iman dan perbuatan. Anda dapat berbangga tentang betapa besarnya iman yang Anda miliki, tentang betapa besarnya kasih Anda pada Tuhan. Namun, persoalannya adalah: apakah Anda mempunyai kekuatan untuk menguasai lidah Anda? Hal-hal apa saja yang keluar dari lidah Anda setiap hari? Hal-hal yang keluar dari mulut Anda menunjukkan iman apa yang Anda miliki. Jadi, kita kembali kepada persoalan tentang membuktikan iman kita lewat tindakan kita setiap hari.&lt;br /&gt;Mungkin Anda telah memerhatikan bahwa Yakobus 1.26 berbicara mengenai lidah. Isi kandungan ayat ini sangat mirip dengan yang tertulis di Yakobus 3.2. Dari sini kita dapat melihat bahwa pasal 3 sebenarnya sangat erat kaitannya dengan ayat yang sebelumnya. Pasal 3 berbicara mengenai konsekuensi mendengar fiman dan tidak melakukannya. Yakobus 3.2 memberitahu kita bagaimana untuk menilai apakah seorang Kristen itu sempurna ('sempurna' di sini menunjuk kepada dewasa secara spiritual). Rasul Yakobus memberitahu kita bahwa kedewasaan spiritual bergantung pada apakah kita mempunyai kekuatan untuk mengekang lidah kita. Demikian juga, Yakobus 1.26 memberitahu kita bahwa tanda seorang yang sesungguhnya beribadah adalah bahwa ia dapat mengekang lidahnya sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Tiga pokok utama tentang lidah&lt;br /&gt;Mari saya rangkumkan beberapa prinsip spiritual yang sangat penting di Yakobus 3.1-6 dalam 3 pokok berikut:&lt;br /&gt;Pertama, Yakobus 3.1-12 mengingatkan kita tentang lidah kita, bahwa percakapan kita mencerminkan kondisi spiritual kita. Mungkin prinsip ini kedengarannya aneh tetapi hal ini sangatlah benar di dalam praktek. Sebagai contoh, memerhatikan hal lidah adalah salah satu alat diagnostik yang digunakan dalam pengobatan Cina untuk mengukur keadaan kesehatan seseorang. Jika Anda ke seorang sinseh, ia seringkali akan meminta Anda untuk menjulurkan lidah Anda untuk ia periksa. Kepada orang yang tidak berpengalaman, ini bukan suatu hal yang berarti. Tetapi kepada seorang doktor yang berpengalaman, warna dan bentuk lidah Anda menyingkapkan banyak hal tentang kondisi kesehatan Anda. Ini juga benar di tingkat spiritual. Kata-kata yang lazim Anda ucapkan secara langsung menggambarkan kondisi spiritual Anda. Sebagai contoh, saat Anda tidak puas atau jengkel dengan seseorang, Anda akan secara natural mengungkapkan ketidak-puasan Anda terhadap orang itu setiap kali Anda berbicara mengenainya.&lt;br /&gt;Mari kita lihat pada Matius 12.33-37. Di sini Yesus memberitahu kita bahwa pohon yang baik menghasilkan buah yang baik dan buah yang tidak baik akan menghasilkan buah yang tidak baik. Buah macam apa ini? Hal apa tentang seseorang yang dapat memberitahu kita apakah ia satu pohon yang baik atau tidak? Yesus memberitahu kita bahwa hal yang memberitahu kita adalah ucapan orang itu karena semua yang keluar dari lidah datangnya dari renungan hatinya - intisari atau esensi siapa kita sebenarnya. Yesus memberitahu kita bahwa ucapan orang yang baik sangatlah baik karena hatinya baik; ucapan yang mengalir dari orang yang hatinya jahat adalah jahat karena apa yang keluar dari hati adalah jahat. Jadi, apa Anda melihatnya? Rasul Yakobus tidak sedang berbicara dari pikirannya sendiri tetapi ia sedang menguraikan ajaran Yesus.&lt;br /&gt;Hal kedua, kita lihat dari ayat 4-5 bahwa lidah mempunyai kuasa yang besar untuk mempengaruhi walaupun ukurannya sangatlah kecil. Yakobus 3.4 membandingkan lidah kepada kemudi kecil yang dapat mengendali arah sebuah kapal walaupun ia sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan ukuran kapal. Ayat 5 berkata bahwa lidah itu adalah anggota paling kecil di antara anggota-anggota tubuh namun ia dapat membanggakan hal-hal yang besar. Lidah juga seperti percikan api kecil yang dapat membuat seluruh hutan terbakar. Saya tidak tahu apakah Anda menyadari bahwa walaupun lidah kita itu panjangnya hanya 3 inci, ia mempunyai kuasa dan dampak yang sangat besar. Pernahkah Anda memerhatikan bagaimana masalah dalam hubungan antar-pribadi muncul hanya karena satu kata?&lt;br /&gt;Saya ingat tentang seorang saudara yang memberitahu saya tentang saudara yang lain yang ia kunjungi di kota yang lain. Ia berkata, 'Saudara itu tidak berada dalam kondisi spiritual yang bagus. Ia telah menjadi sangat sombong. Sebaiknya Anda berbicara kepada dia tentang hal ini jika ada berkesempatan bertemu dengan dia atau berbicara kepada dia.' Lalu, ia mengutip beberapa contoh sebagai bukti bahwa saudara yang satu lagi sekarang sudah jatuh ke dalam masalah spiritual. Di waktu itu, saya dipengaruhi oleh apa yang disampaikan kepda saya. Saya sudah dua atau tiga tahun tidak bertemu dengan saudara yang dikatakan sudah bermasalah dan saya tidak dapat memahami mengapa ia dapat menjadi begitu. Bagaimanapun saya berusaha untuk menyingkirkan kritikan yang saya dengar karena saya tidak mau hal itu mempengaruhi gambaran saya tentang saudara itu. Saya meminta Tuhan memberikan kepada saya obyektivitas dan hati  yang terbuka saat saya bertemu dengannya di waktu akan datang. Akhirnya saya mempunyai kesempatan untuk bertemu dengan saudara itu, saya menemukan bahwa ia sama sekali tidak seperti yang digambarkan. Dari sini saya menyadari betapa mengerikan lidah itu - satu kata mempunyai potensi untuk mempengaruhi hubungan di antara manusia.&lt;br /&gt;Para rabi Yahudi juga menyadari tentang bahayanya kuasa lidah. Mereka berkata, 'dosa karena fitnah itu lebih parah dari dosa pembunuhan.' Membunuh itu hanya meniadakan hidup seseorang tetapi orang yang difitnah masih harus menanggung tuduhan dan aib selama hidupnya. Rasa sakit semacam ini jauh lebih susah ditanggung dibandingkan dengan maut. Jadi, kita sesungguhnya harus sangat mengingat peringatan yang diberikan oleh Yakobus. Kita harus mengawal lidah kita dengan sangat berhati-hati dan jangan pernah sekali-kali menggunakannya untuk menyakitkan orang lain. Kita sering berpikir bahwa kita mempunyai hak dan kebebasan untuk berkata apa yang kita mau. Sebab itu, kita tidak berpikir dua kali sebelum mengkritik orang lain. Ada beberapa orang Kristen yang percaya bahwa mereka adalah penjaga saudaranya dan dengan demikian mereka harus membicarakan yang benar. Lalu, kita menghakimi sesama sesuka hati kita. Saya pernah mendengar seorang pengkhotbah menjatuhkan pengkhotbah yang lain sebagai penyesat. Di waktu itu saya bertanya kepada dia, 'Apakah Anda mengenal pengkhotbah yang Anda kritik itu atau pernahkah Anda mendengar khotbahnya?' Alangkah kagetnya saya, karena ia menjawab, 'Saya tidak pernah bertemu dengan dia atau mendengar khotbahnya!' Ia memberitahu saya, ia berkata demikian karena ia mendengar dari pengkhotbah lain membicara demikian tentang pengkhotbah yang dituduhnya sebagai sesat. Namun, semuanya itu hanyalah kabar angin, yang tidak dapat dibuktikan sama sekali. Kita harus sangat sangat berhati-hati dengan lidah ini agar ia tidak tanpa disadari menjadi alat yang dipakai Iblis untuk membunuh.&lt;br /&gt;Hal yang ketiga, di ayat 6, rasul Yakobus memberitahu kita bahwa lidah mempunyai kekuatan untuk membinasakan hidup. Lidah itu seperti api. Ia akan membinasakan orang lain dan pada akhirnya membinasakan diri kita sendiri jika kita tidak dapat menguasainya. Pembinasaan yang saya bicarakan adalah hilangnya keselamatan karena seperti yang dikatakan di ayat 6, lidah dapat mengarahkan hidup kita ke dalam api. Dengan kata lain, ia dapat membinasakan hidup. Hal inilah yang diperingatkan oleh Yesus kepada kita di Matius 5.22, 'dan barangsiapa yang berkata, 'Kamu jahil/bodoh', sudah layak diutus ke neraka yang menyala-nyala.' Apakah Anda memahami apa artinya ini? Banyak orang setelah mereka percaya pada Tuhan, mereka tidak berani untuk menggunakan kekerasan untuk membalas orang yang telah membuat mereka tidak senang. Tetapi, mereka menggunakan lidah mereka untuk membalas. Mereka akan menggunakan kata-kata untuk menyakiti orang lain atau mereka akan memfitnah orang di belakang. Berwaspadalah karena Yesus memberitahu kita bahwa Ia akan menghakimi kita untuk setiap kata yang tidak membangun.&lt;br /&gt;Perlu diperhatikan bahwa Matius 12.36-37 memberi kita satu peringatan yang sangat keras. Yesus sendiri memberitahu kita bahwa Allah akan menggunakan kata-kata yang kita ucapkan untuk menghakimi apakah kita benar atau jahat pada Hari Penghakiman itu nanti. Perhatikan ayat 37 berbicara mengenai 'dibenarkan' atau 'dihukum'. Bukankah di pesan yang lalu kita berbicara mengenai bagaimana seseorang dibenarkan? Yesus memberitahu kita di sini bahwa penghakiman didasarkan pada setiap kata yang keluar dari lidah kita karena ucapan kita mencerminkan siapa kita.&lt;br /&gt;Saya harap di saat kita membaca ayat 6, kita mengerti bahwa Yakobus tidak sedang berkata bahwa lidah itu sendiri jahat. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh Yakobus 1.17, segala sesuatu yang Allah karuniakan itu baik, karena itu, lidah itu baik karena itu adalah pemberian Allah. Tidaklah mungkin bagi Allah untuk memberikan kita sesuatu yang jahat. Yakobus memberitahu kita bahwa masalah dengan lidah sebenarnya mencerminkan masalah yang ada di dalam diri kita. Kita tidak dapat melihat dengan mata kita sendiri bagaimana diri kita di dalam, tetapi kita dapat melihat bagaimana keadaan batin kita dengan melihat pada ucapan kita. Tidaklah susah bagi Anda untuk mengetahui kondisi spiritual Anda sendiri jika Anda punya waktu untuk dengan tenang memerhatikan kata-kata dan akibat dari ucapan Anda itu.&lt;br /&gt;Ayat 5 berkata bahwa lidah adalah seperti percikan kecil api yang dapat membinasakan seluruh hutan. Ayat 6 berbicara tentang lidah sebagai sesuatu yang mencemari seluruh tubuh. Kata 'tubuh' di sini menunjuk kepada gereja sementara 'lidah' dapat merujuk kepada anggota-anggota gereja itu. Pernahkah Anda memerhatikan bahwa seluruh kerukunan gereja dapat dibinasakan hanya oleh beberapa jemaat yang tidak mempunyai penguasaan diri di dalam ucapan mereka? Selalunya, bagaimana Anda menggunakan lidah Anda? Apakah kata-kata dari lidah Anda mempromosikan keharmonisan di antara jemaat atau kata-kata Anda justru memunculkan kecurigaan dan perpecahan? Yakobus mengingatkan kita untuk sangat berhati-hati dalam menggunakan lidah kita.&lt;br /&gt;Mari saya simpulkan di sini. Semua persoalan yang ditimbulkan oleh Yakobus di sini tentunya diarahkan kepada orang yang hanya mendengar fiman tetapi tidak melakukannya. Karena mereka tidak hidup di bawah penguasaan Yesus, dan hidup mereka tidak diserahan kepada control dan pimpinan Roh Kudus, karena itu mereka tidak mempunyai kekuatan untuk mengekang lidah mereka. Orang Kristen yang semacam ini akan akhirnya menjadi alat si Iblis untuk membinasakan kesatuan gereja dengan lidah mereka.&lt;br /&gt;Di sisi lain, lidah yang sangat kecil ini juga dapat menghasilkan buah yang baik jika kita mengizinkan Yesus menjadi raja di dalam kehidupan kita setiap hari dan jika kita menyerahkan hati, pikiran dan ucapan kita ke bawah pimpinan Roh Kudus. Sebagai contoh, Alkitab mau kita menjadi orang yang membawa damai. Bagaimana kita membawa damai di antara dua pihak? - Ini bergantung bagaimana ucapan kita menyampaikan hikmat. Setiap kali terjadi perselisihan di antara anggota jemaat, kita dapat bertindak sebagai utusan damai, menyampaikan kata-kata perdamaian. Kapan saja orang membutuhkan penghiburan dan dukungan, kita dapat mengucapkan kata-kata yang pantas yang membangun dan menghibur hatinya. Renungkan hal ini: betapa indahnya gereja jika setiap orang Kristen bertekad untuk mengizinkan Roh Kudus untuk mempunyai control yang sepenuhnya ke atas kehidupan dan lidah kita! Tetapi jika kita tetap menjadi orang Kristen yang hanya menjadi pendengar fiman dan bukannya pelaku firman, maka lidah kita pasti hanya akan membawa kepedihan, perselisihan dan kekacauan di dalam jemaat. Anda ingin menjadi orang Kristen yang bagaimana?&lt;br /&gt;Kita berhenti di sini. Di pesan yang akan datang, kita akan mempelajari Yakobus 3.7-12 dan kita akan melanjutkan diskusi kita tentang lidah.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-7598303817279426192?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/7598303817279426192/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=7598303817279426192' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7598303817279426192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7598303817279426192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/seri-pendalaman-alkitab-yakobus-16.html' title='SERI PENDALAMAN ALKITAB YAKOBUS (16) - Lidah'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-7895396474632369179</id><published>2008-11-13T07:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T07:27:50.696-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Strategi Setan</title><content type='html'>Warren W. Wiersbe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;disarikan oleh Deny S Pamudji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada 4 (empat) sifat dasar setan,&lt;br /&gt;yakni penipu (Yoh 8:44),&lt;br /&gt;perusak (1 Ptr 5:8),&lt;br /&gt;penguasa (Yoh 12:31; 1 Yoh 5:19)&lt;br /&gt;dan pendakwa (Why 12:10).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai penipu, setan menyerang pikiran. Senjatanya ialah dusta.&lt;br /&gt;Dengan dustanya, setan membuat kita meragukan Firman Allah. Setan melakukannya dengan mengurangi atau menambah Firman dan bahkan mengubah Firman itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Untuk itulah kita perlu mengenal Firman Allah dengan baik (Yoh 16:13-15), menghafalkannya (Mzm 40:9), merenungkannya (Yos 1:8), dan bahkan melakukannya ( Luk 8:21)Sebagai perusak, setan menyerang tubuh. Senjatanya ialah penderitaan/penyakit. Dengan penderitaan, setan membuat kita tidak tekun/setia pada Allah. Karenanya kita perlu hidup berserah pada Allah (Ayb 13:15) dan bersyukur dalam segala hal (Ef 5:20) sehingga mempermalukan setan.Sebagai penguasa, setan menyerang kemauan&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Senjatanya ialah kesombongan. Dengan kesombongan, setan membuat kita tidak mau tunduk pada kehendak Allah dan hanya menuruti kehendak diri sendiri. Oleh sebab itu kita perlu merendahkan hati/diri (Yak 4:10; 1 Ptr 5:5,6) pada Allah dan tunduk sepenuhnya pada Allah (Yak 4:7).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Sebagai pendakwa, setan menyerang hati nurani. Senjatanya ialah dakwaan. Dengan dakwaan, setan membuat kita terus menerus hidup dalam bayangan dosa dan merasa tidak layak untuk bertobat. Hidup kita dibuatnya tidak sejahtera karena berada dalam pengaruh tekanan masa lalu. Padahal pada saat kita mengaku dosa, Allah menyucikan dosa kita secara keseluruhan dengan tidak mengingat-ingat kembali. (1 Yoh 1:9)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untuk mengetahui apakah kita bertindak sesuai dengan iman, kita perlu mengujinya dengan pertanyaan sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Apakah kita melakukannya untuk kemuliaan Allah atau hanya untuk kepentingan diri sendiri?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Apakah kita bertindak dengan tergesa-gesa atau bersedia menunggu?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Apakah kita dapat mempertahankan perbuatan kita berdasarkan Firman?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Apakah tindakan tersebut mendatangkan kesejahteraan atau perasaan sebaliknya?Perbuatan yang sesuai dengan iman ialah perbuatan untuk memuliakan Allah dan dilakukan secara tepat waktu; dapat dipertanggung jawabkan sesuai Firman dan mendatangkan perasaan sejahtera/bahagia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa perbuatan yang dapat membuat kita hidup tidak sejahtera (atau berada dalam pengaruh setan) ialah:&lt;br /&gt; dusta (Ef 4:25), marah (Mat 5:21,22; Ef 4:26), mencuri (Yoh 10:10; Ef 4:28), bicara kotor (Ef 4:29;5:4), kecewa/benci (Ef 4:30-32), dan fitnah (Ef 4:31; 1 Tim 3:11; Tit 2:3)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setan dan roh-roh jahat merupakan pendusta dan perusak (Yoh 8:44).&lt;br /&gt;Banyak penyakit disebabkan oleh setan antara lain bisu (Mat 9:32), buta (Mat 12:22), lumpuh (Luk 13:11). Mereka menyiksa orang (Mat 8:28) dan bahkan berupaya membunuh (Mat 17:14-15). Setan bekerja bisa di dalam dan melalui orang yang belum diselamatkan (Ef 2:1-3) dan bahkan juga mempengaruhi orang yang sudah diselamatkan seperti Petrus (Mat 16:21-23) dan Ananias &amp;amp; Safira (Kis Ras 5).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setan masuk gereja dengan menguasai mimbar sebagai pelayan kebenaran (2 Kor 11:15) dan rasul palsu (2 Kor 11:13),&lt;br /&gt;duduk di bangku gereja sebagai saudara palsu (2 Kor 11:26),&lt;br /&gt; menimbulkan kekacauan di dalam kebaktian (1 Kor 14:33-34,40), menipu/meninggikan hati di dalam pemberian persembahan (Kis Ras 5; Mat 6:1-4),&lt;br /&gt;menciptakan lagu yang tidak alkitabiah di dalam pujian (band Kol 3:16), merusak pemimpin rohani (band Mat 16:21-23)&lt;br /&gt;dan menimbulkan sikap sombong rohani (3 Yoh 1:9).&lt;br /&gt;Setan mencampuri perihal perkawinan dengan mengajarkan doktrin yang melarang pernikahan (1 Tim 4:1-3 band Mat 19:12),&lt;br /&gt; membalik kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga (1 Tim 2:11-13; Ef 5:22,23), membawa suami/isteri dalam kebobrokan moral (1 Kor 7:1-5),&lt;br /&gt; menganjurkan isteri sibuk di luar rumah (1 Tim 5:9-16)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.Untuk berperang melawan setan, kita memerlukan perlengkapan senjata rohani yang telah Allah sediakan (Ef 6:10-18) a.l :1. Ikat pinggang kebenaranKarena setan pendusta, maka kita perlu melawannya dengan kebenaran Allah. Bagi Allah tiada suka cita yang lebih besar daripada mendengar anak-anaknya hidup dalam kebenaran (3 Yoh 1:4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Baju zirah keadilanMemiliki keyakinan teguh akan pembenaran Allah untuk kita di dalam Yesus (2 Kor 5:21)3. Kasut damai sejahteraDengan iman akan pembenaran Allah, maka kita dapat hidup sejahtera (Rm 5:1)4. Perisai imanDengan iman kita dapat menangkis semua panah api setan berupa keraguan, ketakutan, kekuatiran, dan pikiran buruk (1 Yoh 5:4)5. Ketopong keselamatanDengan keselamatan kita mempunyai pengharapan bahwa Tuhan akan datang kembali (Yoh 14:3,8)6. Pedang rohFirman Allah merupakan pedang roh yang kuat dan tajam yang dapat digunakan untuk menyerang setan (Ibr 4:12)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-7895396474632369179?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/7895396474632369179/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=7895396474632369179' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7895396474632369179'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7895396474632369179'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/strategi-setan.html' title='Strategi Setan'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-7120603165535275009</id><published>2008-11-13T07:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T07:23:20.194-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pianis Buta Usia Lima Tahun Gegerkan Dunia</title><content type='html'>Kompas.Com&lt;br /&gt;SEOUL,&lt;br /&gt;Ratusan penonton berlinang air mata saat seorang bocah perempuan tampil memainkan piano. Saat itu jemari mungilnya memainkan Fur Elise, komposisi karya Beethoven. Yang membuat penonton terharu bukan karena lirik lagu itu, melainkan karena penampilan pianisnya, Yoo Ye-eun. Warga Korea yang baru berumur lima tahun itu ternyata buta sejak lahir.Yoo memang bocah ajaib. Dalam usia balita dia telah menggegerkan dunia musik. Yoo bisa memainkan karya-karya komponis besar seperti Mozart, Chopin, dan Beethoven, ditambah lagu-lagu pop masa kini. Yang lebih mengagumkan, Yoo tak perlu lama mempelajari lagu-lagu klasik yang terbilang sulit. Sekali dengar, dia bisa membawakan lagu itu dengan sempurna.“Bagaimana mungkin?” tanya seorang pembawa acara Star King, sebuah acara adu bakat terkenal di Korea. “Benar-benar mengagumkan,” tambahnya.Program televisi itu menobatkannya menjadi pemenang. Bocah itu mendapatkan hadiah pertama sebesar 1 juta won (Rp 9,1 miliar). Sejak itu dia mendapat julukan 'jenius Mozart berumur lima tahun'. “Dia bisa memainkan sebuah lagu dengan piano hanya dengan mendengarkannya sekali,” kata Park Jung Soon, ibu angkatnya. Park mengetahui bakat putrinya itu dua tahun lalu.Ketika itu dia menyanyikan sebuah lagu pop. Saat itu Yoo Ye-eun yang baru berumur tiga tahun mengiringinya dengan piano pinjaman. “Nadanya sangat sempurna meski dia belum pernah belajar piano. Kami tidak pernah mengajarinya,” kenang Park.Keajaiban bocah itu tertutup rapat selama dua tahun. Namun, nama bocah buta itu langsung melejit, terutama melalui internet. Permainan pianonya di Star King dikirimkan ke Pandora TV, sebuat situs internet Korea. Yang melihatnya lewat situs YouTube mencapai 2 juta orang.Sejak itu, Yoo Ye-eun berkeliling dunia. Dia tampil di Los Angeles, September tahun lalu. Pertunjukannya itu merupakan bagian dari festival Hari Korea. Sebuah televisi Tokyo pun telah mengirimkan undangan. Bocah itu bahkan sudah punya sponsor khusus, seorang bos dari perusahaan konstruksi di Dubai yang melihat penampilannya melalui Star King.Pekan lalu, Yoo memainkan karya Chopin di hadapan Perdana Menteri Singapura Lee Hsien Loong. Pada hari yang sama, dia mengiringi paduan suara sekolah yang membawakan lagu tradisional Singapura tanpa mendengar lagu itu sebelumnya.Tampaknya musik menjadi terapi untuk mengobati masa lalunya yang penuh tragedi. Bocah itu ditinggalkan orangtuanya sejak lahir. Yoo Ye-eun diadopsi oleh Yoo Chang Yoo dan istrinya, Park Jung Soon. Ayah angkatnya itu harus duduk di kursi roda akibat sebuah kecelakaan. “Kami tak pernah mendapat kesulitan untuk membesarkannya,” kata pasangan Yoo dan Park kepada majalah Woman Donga.Park membawa putrinya ke Star King karena dia ingin Yoo Ye-eun bisa bermain untuk orang banyak. Namun, dia tak pernah membayangkan reaksi luar biasa dari para pendengar permainan putrinya itu. Saat diperkenalkan di atas panggung, penonton bisa mendengar suara bocah itu bertanya, "Di mana pianonya." Sorot lampu panggung lantas menunjukkan seorang bocah mungil mencari kursi piano.Begitu lagu You Were Born to be Loved mengalun, penonton langsung berurai airmata. Terlebih mereka bisa melihat jari-jari mungil Yoo Ye-eun meraba tuts piano. Berita keajaiban itu terus menyebar. Tawaran bantuan keuangan pun membanjir. Beberapa dokter menawarkan operasi untuk memulihkan penglihatannya. Namun, mereka gagal. Yoo Ye-eun tetap buta. Simak lirik yang dinyanyikan Ye Un (klik &lt;a title="disini" href="http://www.youtube.com/v/O37b3xhAmMQ&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;disini&lt;/a&gt; untuk lihat filmnya)You were born to be loved (Kamu dilahirkan utk dicintai)And you are receiving that love through your life (Dan kamu dapatkan cinta itu sepanjang hidupmu)You were born to be loved (Kamu dilahirkan utk dicintai)And you are receiving that love through your life (Dan kamu dapatkan cinta itu sepanjang hidupmu)The love from God that started since the beginning of your birth (Cinta Tuhan mulai pada saat kamu dilahirkan)Becomes connected with us meeting each other (Dan terhubung pada saat kita bertemu dengan orang lain)You were born to be loved (Kamu dilahirkan utk dicintai)And you are receiving that love through your life (Dan kamu dapatkan cinta itu sepanjang hidupmu)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-7120603165535275009?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/7120603165535275009/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=7120603165535275009' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7120603165535275009'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/7120603165535275009'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/pianis-buta-usia-lima-tahun-gegerkan.html' title='Pianis Buta Usia Lima Tahun Gegerkan Dunia'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-4364129178763600796</id><published>2008-11-13T06:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T06:46:34.817-08:00</updated><title type='text'>KUASA PERKATAAN</title><content type='html'>Oleh Pdt. Bambang Yonan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yosua 1:8Janganlah engkau lupa memperkatakan kitab Taurat ini, tetapi renungkanlah itu siang dan malam, supaya engkau bertindak hati-hati sesuai dengan segala yang tertulis di dalamnya, sebab dengan demikian perjalananmu akan berhasil dan engkau akan beruntung&lt;br /&gt;3 hal yang perlu digaris-bawahi:1. Memperkatakan firman Tuhan2. Merenungkannya siang dan malam3. Bertindak hati-hati sesuai dengan firman TuhanKetika kita melakukannya, kita akan berhasil dan beruntung. Tahun ini adalah samekh sayin, tahun goncangan. Apa yang dinubuatkan oleh Alkitab akan digenapi. Dalam goncangan, ada 2 kelompok, kelompok pertama yang diberkati luar biasa dalam goncangan dan kelompok kedua yang habis ketika digoncang.&lt;br /&gt;Pada waktu menghadapi masalah, kata-kata yang kita ucapkan sangat menentukan. Kita harus bernubuat (menciptakan dari tidak ada menjadi ada) atas masalah kita. Bagaimana seorang menaburkan benih? Melalui perkataan. Benih yang ditabur akan bertunas dan berbuah. Apa yang saudara mau Tuhan lakukan dalam hidupmu, perkatakanlah pada Tuhan.&lt;br /&gt;Kejadian 1:1-31, Tuhan menciptakan bumi ini bukan dengan tangan atau keahlian, tetapi melalui perkataan. Hidup dan mati dikuasai oleh lidah. Apa yang kita gemakan, akan kita tuai. kalau kita mengucapkan hal yang baik maka kita akan menuai yang baik juga&lt;br /&gt;Ibrani 1:1-3Setelah pada zaman dahulu Allah berulang kali dan dalam pelbagai cara berbicara kepada nenek moyang kita dengan perantaraan nabi-nabi, maka pada zaman akhir ini Ia telah berbicara kepada kita dengan perantaraan Anak-Nya, yang telah Ia tetapkan sebagai yang berhak menerima segala yang ada. Oleh Dia Allah telah menjadikan alam semesta. Ia adalah cahaya kemuliaan Allah dan gambar wujud Allah dan menopang segala yang ada dengan firman-Nya yang penuh kekuasaan. Dan setelah Ia selesai mengadakan penyucian dosa, Ia duduk di sebelah kanan Yang Mahabesar, di tempat yang tinggi,Tuhan menopang segalanya dengan firman. Yang paling berkuasa di alam semesta adalah perkataan.&lt;br /&gt;Ulangan 8:2-3Ingatlah kepada seluruh perjalanan yang kaulakukan atas kehendak TUHAN, Allahmu, di padang gurun selama empat puluh tahun ini dengan maksud merendahkan hatimu dan mencobai engkau untuk mengetahui apa yang ada dalam hatimu, yakni, apakah engkau berpegang pada perintah-Nya atau tidak. Jadi Ia merendahkan hatimu, membiarkan engkau lapar dan memberi engkau makan manna, yang tidak kaukenal dan yang juga tidak dikenal oleh nenek moyangmu, untuk membuat engkau mengerti, bahwa manusia hidup bukan dari roti saja, tetapi manusia hidup dari segala yang diucapkan TUHAN&lt;br /&gt;Yang paling dominan adalah perkataan. Orang yang bisa mengendalikan lidahnya dalah orang yang sempurna. Waktu kita hidup di dunia, yang paling berkuasa adalah perkataan kita. Perkataan muncul dari hati, kalau yang ada iman, kebenaran, maka di situ ada ketenangan ketentraman selama-lamanya. Terkadang Tuhan menyuruh kita diam.&lt;br /&gt;Jangan menjadikan goncangan yang kita alami membuat kita mengatakan hal yang tidak ada artinya. Di dalam goncangan, Tuhan melihat apa yang ada didalam hati kita, apakah kita tetap berpegang pada firmanNya. Ketika kita memperkatakan firman Tuhan, merenungkan firmanNya, dan bertindak hati-hati sesuai firman Tuhan, kita akan berhasil dan beruntung&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-4364129178763600796?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/4364129178763600796/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=4364129178763600796' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4364129178763600796'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/4364129178763600796'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/kuasa-perkataan_13.html' title='KUASA PERKATAAN'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-9085034970297594456</id><published>2008-11-13T06:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T06:55:18.772-08:00</updated><title type='text'>KUASA PERKATAAN YANG BERHIKMAT (Ester 8:1-17)</title><content type='html'>Jangan remehkan kuasa perkataan! Perkataan bisa memberi kehidupan atau kematian. Perkataan bisa membawa berkat atau kutuk. Perkataan bisa membangun atau merusak. Perkataan bisa berguna, tapi perkataan bisa juga sia-sia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Salomo mempertegas hal ini dalam amsal yang ditulisnya, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;“Hidup dan mati dikuasai lidah, siapa suka menggemakannya, akan memakan buahnya.” Lagipula kita perlu ingat bahwa seluruh isi dunia ini diciptakan oleh perkataan Allah. Dengan kata lain, sebuah perkataan mengandung daya cipta yang luar biasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Perkataan kita akan membangun citra diri yang baik, atau sebaliknya akan menciptakan citra diri yang buruk. Simaklah apa yang ditemukan oleh penginjil Bill Glass. Ia berkata bahwa 90 persen dari penghuni penjara pernah mendengar dari orang tua mereka kalimat yang bunyinya seperti ini, “Kamu akan dimasukkan ke penjara.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Misalnya mengatakan kepada anak kita bahwa ia bodoh, malas, nakal, tidak patut dikasihi, jelek, dsb. Sejujurnya, kita memang tak pernah menginginkan anak kita menjadi seperti apa yang kita katakan. Namun masalahnya, anak kita akan secara otomatis merekam perkataan kita itu di dalam pikirannya dan menganggap semua perkataan negatif itu sebagai kebenaran yang harus dipercayai. Akibatnya, ia akan mempercayai bahwa dirinya bodoh, jelek, malas, nakal, tidak patut dikasihi dan terbentuklah citra diri yang seperti itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Citra diri seseorang akan terbentuk dari banyak faktor. Namun demikian, salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi citra diri seseorang adalah lewat perkataan. Mengetahui kebenaran ini, hendaknya kita mulai berhati-hati dengan apa yang kita katakan. Berpikirlah sepuluh kali atau bahkan seratus kali sebelum kita mengucapkan sesuatu. Jangan pernah mengucapkan sesuatu sampai kita yakin bahwa bahwa apa yang kita katakan adalah sesuatu yang bersifat membangun dan positif.&lt;br /&gt;Perlihatkan perkataan-perkataan seperti apa yang Anda terima, dan saya akan tunjukkan seperti apa citra diri Anda yang sebenarnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pdt. Obaja Tanto Setiawan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kemudian Ester berkata lagi kepada raja, sambil sujud pada kakinya dan menangis memohon karunianya, supaya dibatalkan maksud jahat Haman..serta rancangan yang sudah dibuatnya terhadap orang Yahudi (ayat 3)Hari ini kita akan belajar kuasa perkataan yang berhikmat. Kita akan belajar dari kehidupan Ester. Perkataan memiliki pengaruh yang besar dalam kehidupan seseorang. Keberhasilan atau kegagalan seseorang sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkataan-perkataan yang diucapkannya. Oleh karena itu penting sekali untuk kita dapat memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan perkataan yang berhikmat, agar kita dapat hidup dengan benar dan berhasil dalam hidup ini. Ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan berhubungan dengan perkataan berhikmat, yakni:1. Ada kuasa yang sangat besar dalam perkataan. Mati hidup kita dikuasai oleh lidah (Ams 18:21). Walaupun kecil tetapi lidah pengaruhnya besar (Yak 3:2-5).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kekuatan seseorang juga terletak pada lidahnya, dimana dia dapat memberi penghiburan atau membuat orang putus asa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Tergantung yang kita ucapkan. Isi perkataan kita sangat penting dan berpengaruh bukan saja terhadap diri kita tetapi terhadap orang lain.Kalau kita mengucapkan yang tidak baik akan mendatangkan hal-hal yang tidak baik dalam kehidupan kita. Tetapi kalau kita mengucapkan yang baik akan mendatangkan hal-hal yang baik dalam kehidupan kita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Perkataan Mempengaruhi banyak hal. Mempengaruhi orang lain dan lingkungan. Contoh: Ratu Wasti dan Ester. Pengaruh perkataan dapat membuat kita diterima atau ditolak oleh sesama kita. Oleh karena itu, maka kita harus mengucapkan perkataan kita dengan hikmat Tuhan, sehingga kita mengalami hal-hal yang baik dalam kehidupan kita (Pengkhotbah 10:12).4. Bagaimana kita bisa berkata dengan hikmat. Ada beberapa hal praktis yang perlu kita pahami antara lain: mempersiapkan apa yang akan kita katakan seperti yang dilakukan Ester, mempelajari latar belakang dan kesukaan orang yang akan kita ajak bicara untuk bahan bicara yang menyenangkan sehingga dapat bercerita dengan menarik, Ester cari waktu yang tepat, perkataan-perkataan penting yang perlu kita katakan saat bertemu dengan orang-orang tertentu/penting. (Ester menghargai suaminya yang menjadi raja dengan memanggil tuan, dll.)Perkataan adalah salah satu penentu gagal atau berhasilnya seseorang dalam hidup ini&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Bahan Pendalaman :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;1. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan perkataan yang berhikmat ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;2. Manfaat apa yang akan kita terima jika kita memiliki perkataan yang berhimat ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;3. Bagaimana caranya supaya kita dapat memiliki perkataan yang berhimat ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Doa :Tuhan Yesus, Karuniakan kepada hambamu ini perkataan yang berhikmat yang membawa keberhasilan, Amin…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6564527455632263925-9085034970297594456?l=indonesia888.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/feeds/9085034970297594456/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6564527455632263925&amp;postID=9085034970297594456' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/9085034970297594456'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6564527455632263925/posts/default/9085034970297594456'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indonesia888.blogspot.com/2008/11/kuasa-perkataan.html' title='KUASA PERKATAAN YANG BERHIKMAT (Ester 8:1-17)'/><author><name>INDONESIA888</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SQhasWP-PAI/AAAAAAAAABE/wBJtQZiiPbs/S220/samuel+picture.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6564527455632263925.post-572336885356029423</id><published>2008-11-13T06:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-13T06:20:33.789-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SRw3H28cx0I/AAAAAAAAAGM/2RRHoGUnTA0/s1600-h/warren_buffett.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5268146272264308546" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 221px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wjBDqxCepG8/SRw3H28cx0I/AAAAAAAAAGM/2RRHoGUnTA0/s320/warren_buffett.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Pesan &amp;amp; Nasehat Warren Buffet, Orang Terkaya di Dunia" href="http://www.yauhui.net/warren-buffet-orang-terkaya-di-dunia/" rel="bookmark"&gt;Pesan &amp;amp; Nasehat Warren Buffet, Orang Terkaya di Dunia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oct 31, 2008 in &lt;a title="View all posts in Artikel Renungan" href="http://www.yauhui.net/category/renungan/artikel-renungan/" rel="category tag"&gt;Artikel Renungan&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a title="View all posts in Berita" href="http://www.yauhui.net/category/berita/" rel="category tag"&gt;Berita&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Akhirnya dominasi Bill Gates memudar juga. Setelah 13 tahun berturut-turut bercokol sebagai orang terkaya di dunia versi majalah Forbes, pendiri raksasa peranti lunak Microsoft itu tergeser juga dari tahtanya. Tahun ini, orang terkaya sejagad adalah Warren Buffett, seorang pebisnis dan investor yang ketajaman pikirannya amat luar biasa sehingga ia diibaratkan sebagai perpaduan antara fisikawan Einstein, seniman Picasso dan raja kaya raya pencipta koin emas Croesus, dalam satu tubuh. ( sumber : http://www.sudutpandang.com/ )&lt;br /&gt;Warrent Buffett - foto diambil dari majalah Adbuster&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berikut ini adalah wawancara yang pernah ia lakukan dengan CNBC.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam wawancara tersebut ditemukan beberapa aspek menarik dari hidupnya :&lt;br /&gt;Ia membeli saham pertamanya pada umur 11 tahun dan ia sekarang menyesal karena tidak memulainya dari masih muda.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pesan : Anjurkan anak anda untuk berinvestasi [ Encourage your children to invest&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ]&lt;br /&gt;Ia membeli sebuah kebun yang kecil pada umur 14 tahun dengan uang tabungan yang didapatinya dari hasil mengirimkan surat kabar.Pesan : Dorong Anak Anda untuk mulai belajar berbisnis [ Encourage your children to start some kind of business ]&lt;br /&gt;Ia masih hidup di sebuah rumah dengan 3 kamar berukuran kecil di pusat kota Ohama, yang ia beli setelah ia menikah 50 tahun yang lalu.Ia berkata bahwa ia mempunyai segala yang ia butuhkan dalam rumah itu.Meskipun rumah itu tidak ada pagarnya.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc0000;"&gt;Pesan : Jangan membeli apa yang tidak dibutuhkan, dan dorong Anak Anda berbuat yang sama. [ Don’t buy more than what you “really need” and encourage your children to do and think the same ]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ia selalu mengemudika
