Pernah "Kumpul Kebo" Mudah Cerai

Sabtu, 3 Januari 2009

HATI-HATI kalau putra-putri Anda tergoda untuk "kumpul kebo" atau hidup bersama pacarnya sebelum menikah. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan Dr Catherine L Cohan dan Stacey Kleinbaum dari Pennsylvania State University, AS, pasangan yang hidup bersama sebelum menikah lebih mungkin bermasalah dalam komunikasi antarpasangan sehingga rawan bercerai.

Kepada 92 pasangan yang sudah menikah sekitar dua tahun, periset menanyakan kepuasan mereka dalam perkawinan, riwayat depresi, penyalahgunaan minuman beralkohol, hingga penggunaan agresivitas fisik dalam memecahkan persoalan perkawinan. Selain itu, secara langsung responden juga diminta berdiskusi membahas permasalahan seputar perkawinan.

Dari situ diketahui, pasangan yang hidup bersama sebelum menikah kurang bersikap positif, dan justru bersikap negatif, bila harus membahas persoalan dalam perkawinan dan menyediakan dukungan bagi pasangan mereka. Sebaliknya, secara verbal mereka lebih agresif dan lebih mudah saling bersikap bermusuhan dibandingkan dengan pasangan yang sebelumnya tidak "kumpul kebo".

Penyebab itu semua, periset menduga, ada kemungkinan saat memasuki perkawinan pasangan yang pernah "kumpul kebo" memiliki komitmen yang lebih rendah. “Iklim hubungan yang sangat terbuka mungkin menyebabkan mereka kurang termotivasi untuk mengembangkan keterampilan menyelesaikan konflik,” lapor peneliti dalam Journal of Marriage and Family.

Menurut peneliti, memang tidak semua pasangan "kumpul kebo" bercerai. Namun, kenyataan bahwa keterampilan komunikasi antarpasangan yang mereka miliki rendah, para penasihat perkawinan bisa mulai membenahi kekurangan ini bila menghadapi persoalan pasangan yang pernah "kumpul kebo".


JJW


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2008, Tahun Sedih Bagi Para Miliarder (Kompas.com)

Kamis, 1 Januari 2009 | 12:54 WIB
Bagi para miliarder, tahun ini merupakan tahun yang paling mengerikan karena pasar dan mata uang di seluruh dunia dilanda krisis global. Mereka telah kehilangan miliaran dollar AS hanya dalam beberapa bulan



Lebih dari 300 dari 1.125 miliader yang disebutkan Forbes sebagai orang-orang terkaya di dunia telah kehilangan 1 miliar dollar AS , dan belasan lainnya kehilangan lebih dari 5 miliar dollar AS. Salah satu orang terkaya di dunia, Anil Ambani, pada tahun 2008 telah kehilangan sekitar 150 miliar dollar AS dari total harta kekayaannya. Anil dimasukkan ke dalam 25 Pengusaha Amerika Paling Bangkrut tahun 2008, yang nilai kerugiannya mencapai 167 miliar dollar AS.



Namun, walaupun 2008 adalah tahun yang menakutkan, kisah beberapa milirder dan "mantan" miliarder ini patut dijadikan pelajaran.



David Ross, salah seorang pengusaha Inggris sukses, misalnya. Awal bulan ini Ross mengumumkan empat perusahaan umum yang saham mayoritasnya telah dikuasainya. Namun, Ross kemungkinan harus terpaksa menjual sebagian dari saham-sahamnya untuk melunasi utang-utangnya. Sejauh ini, Ross juga telah mengundurkan dari kursi jajaran direksi, dan bahkan mundur dari penasehat Olimpiacs. Sebelumnya, pada bulan Maret lalu, jumlah kekayaannya diperkirakan mencapai 1,4 miliar dollar AS, namun kini hanya tersisa 150 juta dollar AS.



Sementara itu, mantan ketua dan pemegang saham mayoritas di Landsbanki, bank kedua terbesar di Islandia, Bjorgolfur Gudmundsson, kehilangan 1,1 miliar dollar AS ketika krisis kredit melanda negara kepulauan ini. Dan karena hal ini, akhirnya Gudmundsson harus melego tim sepakbola kepunyaannya, West Ham.



Beberapa warga Rusia merupakan beberapa yang terparah menderita kerugian dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Usaha baja Vladimir Lisins yang diberi nama Novolipetsk Iron snf Steel mengalami penurunan 75 persen sejak Juni lalu. Perusahaan pupuk milik Dmitry Rybolovlev, Uralkali, anjlok 90 persen di periode yang sama di atas.



Dan yang terparah lainnya adalah Oleg Deripaska. Pada bulan Maret 2008, Deripaksa adalah pengusaha kesembilan terkaya di dunia, dan terkaya di Rusia, dengan jumlah kekayaannya diperkirakan 28 miliar dollar AS. Namun, karena Deripaska dipaksa untuk menjual saham perusahaan pembuat mobil asal Kanada, Magna sebesar 4,5 miliar dollar AS untuk mempertahankan sahamnya di Norilsk Nickel. Deripaska diperkirakan akan kembali menjual aset-asetnya untuk menghindari kerugian yang lebih besar. Saat ini, kekayaan Deripaska mencapai 10 juta dollar AS.



Dan, yang paling parah di antara yang parah adalah Anil Ambani, yang pernah menghiasi halaman depan majalah milioner, memiliki kekayaan sekitar 42 miliar dollar AS. Dia harus menanggung kehilangan uang 30 miliar Dollar AS.

Berikut 5 miliarder yang menjadi jadi "miskin"

1. Anil Ambani

Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 42 miliar dollar AS
Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 12 miliar dollar AS
Anil kehilangan 30 miliar dollar AS dalam sembilan bulan terakhir, angka terbesar di dunia. Saham perusahaan telekomunikasinya anjlok k etika berurusan dengan perjanjian dengan perusahaan telekomunikasi Afrika, MTN. Dalam satu tahun, Anil, bersama ketiga saudaranya, Mukesh, Lakshmi Mittal, dan KP Singh, kehilangan lebih dari 20 miliar Dollar AS /orang. Sebelumnya, keempat warga Indonesia tersebut sempat masuk ke dalam 10 Orang Terkaya di Dunia.



2. Oleg Deripaska

Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 28 miliar dollar AS
Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 10 miliar dollar AS
Mantan pedagang metal asal Rusia ini ambruk akibat krisis global, dan meninggalkan utang 14 miliar dollar AS. Sebelumnya, Deripaska telah menerima pinjaman sebesar 4,5 Dollar AS dari bank pemerintah untuk mempertahankan 25 persen saham mayoritas di Norilsk Nicket . Deripaksa akan dipaksa untuk menjual kembali saham yang dimilikinya agar dapat mengembalikan pinjamann dana oleh beberapa bank asing dan Magna Intenational



3. Anurag Dikshit

Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 1,6 miliar dollar AS
Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 1 miliar dollar AS
Dikshit merancang peranti lunak untuk permainan Partypoker, yang memungkinkan penggunanya melakukan judil melalu website . Baru-baru ini, Dikhsit dinyatakan bersalah dan melanggar undang-undang video game AS, dan bersedia didenda 300 juta sollar AS. Dia telah membayar 100 juta dollar AS, dan sisanya akan dicicil selama dua tahun.



4. Bjorgflur Gudmundsson

Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 1,1 miliar dollar AS
Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 0
Pada bulan Oktober, bank Landsbanki, bank kedua terbesar di Islandia, ambruk, dan dibekukan oleh pemerintah, dan menyebabkan uang Gudmundsson 1,1 miliar Dollar AS melayang. Akhirnya dia harus menjual tim sepakbola kesayangannya, West Ham. Ini bukanlah pertama kalinya Gudmundsson mendapatkan masalah.



5. Luis Portillo

Kekayaan Bersih (Maret 2008): 1,2 miliar dollar AS
Kekayaan Bersih saat ini: 15 juta dollar AS
Luis Portillo adalah seorang pengusaha real estate di Spanyol. Dia telah mengakuisisi beberapa perusahaan real estate, seperti Inmocaral dan Inmobiliaria Colonial, dengan meminjam uang sebesar 1,4 miliar dollar AS kepada berbagai bank dengan jaminan saham di perusahaannya tersebut. Namun, ketika pada bulan Desember 2007 dia mengundurkan diri sebagai pimpinan, dan mencoba menjualnya ke lembaga keuangan di Dubai tahun 2008, krisis global lebih dulu menghampirinya. Portillo kesulitan menjual sahamnya, dan tidak dapat membayar utangnya.






HIN
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Cortisol

Cortisol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(11β)-​11,​17,​21-​trihydroxypregn-​4-​ene-​3,​20-​dione
Identifiers
CAS number 50-23-7
ATC code H02AB09 (and others)
PubChem 5754
ChemSpider 5551
Chemical data
Formula C21H30O5
Mol. mass 362.465
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Metabolism ?
Half life ?
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat. C

Legal status
Routes Oral tablets, intravenously, topical
Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, that is part of the adrenal gland (in the Zona fasciculata and the Zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex). It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in response to stress. It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immune responses. Various synthetic forms of cortisol are used to treat a variety of different illnesses. The most well-known of these are a natural metabolic intermediary of cortisol named hydrocortisone. When first introduced as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, hydrocortisone was referred to as Compound E.

Contents
[hide]
1 Physiology
1.1 Effects
1.2 Binding
1.3 Regulation
2 Diseases and disorders
3 Pharmacology
4 Biochemistry
4.1 Biosynthesis
4.2 Metabolism
5 See also
6 Additional images
7 References
8 External links



[edit] Physiology
The amount of cortisol present in the blood undergoes diurnal variation, with the highest levels present in the early morning, and the lowest levels present around midnight, 3-5 hours after the onset of sleep. Information about the light/dark cycle is transmitted from the retina to the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus. The pattern is not present at birth (estimates of when it starts vary from two weeks to 9 months).[1]

Changed patterns of serum cortisol levels have been observed in connection with abnormal ACTH levels, clinical depression, psychological stress, and such physiological stressors as hypoglycemia, illness, fever, trauma, surgery, fear, pain, physical exertion or extremes of temperature.

There is also significant individual variation, although a given person tends to have consistent rhythms.


[edit] Effects
See also Medical uses and effects of high dose glucocorticoids
In normal release, cortisol (like other glucocorticoid agents) has widespread actions which help restore homeostasis after stress. (These normal endogenous functions are the basis for the physiological consequences of chronic stress - prolonged cortisol secretion.). It has been proposed that its primary function is to inversely mobilize the immune system to fight potassium-depleting diarrhea diseases.[2] Its odd attributes all support this.

Insulin
Cortisol counteracts insulin by increasing gluconeogenesis and promotes breakdown of lipids (lipolysis), and proteins, and mobilization of extrahepatic amino acids and ketone bodies. This leads to increased circulating glucose concentrations (in the blood) by increasing gluconeogenesis. There is an increased glycogen breakdown in the liver.[3] Prolonged cortisol secretion causes hyperglycemia. Cortisol has no effect on insulin.[4] The reason why in vivo experiments seem to deny this is that cortisone (a cortisol metabolite) greatly inhibits insulin. So the cortisone-cortisol equilibrium may explain why in vivo experiments contradict the cortisol effect.[5] Cortisol does cause serum glucose to rise, but this is probably an indirect effect caused by stimulation of amino acid degradation, especially that derived from collagen in the skin. Loss of collagen from skin by cortisol is ten times greater than from all other tissue in the rat.[6]
Amino acids
Cortisol raises the free amino acids in the serum. It does this by inhibiting collagen formation, decreasing amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibiting protein synthesis.[7] Cortisol (as opticortinol) probably inversely inhibits IgA precursor cells in the intestines of calves.[8] Cortisol also inhibits IgA in serum, as it does IgM, but not IgE.[9]
Gastric secretion
Cortisol stimulates gastric acid secretion.[10] Gastric acid secretion would increase loss of potassium into the stomach during diarrhea as well as acid loss. Cortisol's only direct effect on the hydrogen ion excretion of the kidneys is to stimulate excretion of ammonium ion by inactivation of renal glutaminase enzyme.[11] Net chloride secretion in the intestines is inversely decreased by cortisol in vitro (methylprednisolone).[12]
Sodium
Cortisol inhibits loss of sodium from small intestines of mammals.[13] However, sodium depletion does not affect cortisol,[14] so cortisol is not used to regulate serum sodium. Cortisol's purpose may originally have been centered around moving sodium because cortisol is used to stimulate sodium inward for fresh water fish and outward for salt-water fish.[15]
Potassium
Sodium load augments the intense potassium excretion by cortisol, and corticosterone is comparable to cortisol in this case.[16] In order for potassium to move out of the cell, cortisol moves in an equal number of sodium ions.[17] It can be seen that this should make pH regulation much easier, unlike the normal potassium deficiency situation in which about 2 sodium ions move in for each 3 potassium ions that move out, which is closer to the deoxycorticosterone effect. Nevertheless, cortisol consistently causes alkalosis of the serum, while in a deficiency pH does not change. Perhaps this may be for the purpose of bringing serum pH to a value most optimum for some of the immune enzymes during infection in those times when cortisol declines. Potassium is also blocked from loss in the kidneys directly somewhat by decline of cortisol (9 alpha fluorohydrocortisone).[18]
Water
Cortisol also acts as a water diuretic hormone. Half the intestinal diuresis is so controlled.[19] Kidney diuresis is also controlled by cortisol in dogs. The decline in water excretion upon decline of cortisol (dexamethasone) in dogs is probably due to inverse stimulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or arginine vasopressin), the inverse stimulation of which is not overridden by water loading.[20] Humans also use this mechanism[21] and other different animal mechanisms operate in the same direction.
Copper
It is probable that increasing copper availability for immune purposes is the reason why many copper enzymes are stimulated to an extent which is often 50% of their total potential by cortisol.[22] This includes lysyl oxidase, an enzyme which is used to cross link collagen and elastin.[23] Particularly valuable for immunity is the stimulation of superoxide dismutase by cortisol[24] since this copper enzyme is almost certainly used by the body to permit superoxide to poison bacteria. Cortisol causes an inverse four- or fivefold decrease of metallothionein, a copper storage protein, in mice[25] (however rodents do not synthesize cortisol themselves). This may be to furnish more copper for ceruloplasmin synthesis or release of free copper. Cortisol has an opposite effect on alpha aminoisobuteric acid than on the other amino acids.[26] If alpha aminoisobuteric acid is used to transport copper through the cell wall, this anomaly would possibly be explained.
Immune system
Cortisol can weaken the activity of the immune system. Cortisol prevents proliferation of T-cells by rendering the interleukin-2 producer T-cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 (IL-1), and unable to produce the T-cell growth factor.[27] Cortisol has a negative feedback effect on interleukin-1[28] which must be especially useful in combating diseases, such as the endotoxin bacteria, that gain an advantage by forcing the hypothalamus to secrete a hormone called CRH. The suppressor cells are not affected by GRMF,[29] so that the effective set point for the immune cells may be even higher than the set point for physiological processes. It reflects leukocyte redistribution to lymph nodes, bone marrow, and skin. Acute administration of corticosterone (the endogenous Type I and Type II receptor agonist), or RU28362 (a specific Type II receptor agonist), to adrenalectomized animals induced changes in leukocyte distribution. Natural killer cells are not affected by cortisol.[30]
Bone metabolism
It lowers bone formation thus favoring development of osteoporosis in the long term. Cortisol moves potassium out of cells in exchange for an equal number of sodium ions as mentioned above.[31] This can cause a major problem with the hyperkalemia of metabolic shock from surgery.
Memory
It cooperates with epinephrine (adrenaline) to create memories of short-term emotional events; this is the proposed mechanism for storage of flash bulb memories, and may originate as a means to remember what to avoid in the future. However, long-term exposure to cortisol results in damage to cells in the hippocampus. This damage results in impaired learning. The desirability of inhibiting activity during infection is no doubt the reason why cortisol is responsible for creating euphoria.[32] The desirability of not disturbing tissues weakened by infection or of not cutting off their blood supply could explain the inhibition of pain widely observed for cortisol.
Additional effects
It increases blood pressure by increasing the sensitivity of the vasculature to epinephrine and norepinephrine. In the absence of cortisol, widespread vasodilation occurs.
It inhibits the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), resulting in feedback inhibition of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin) secretion. Some researchers believe that this normal feedback system may become dysregulated when animals are exposed to chronic stress.
It increases the effectiveness of catecholamines.
It allows for the kidneys to produce hypotonic urine.
It has anti-inflammatory effects by reducing histamine secretion and stabilizing lysosomal membranes. The stabilization of lysosomal membranes prevents their rupture, thereby preventing damage to healthy tissues.
It stimulates hepatic detoxification by inducing tryptophan oxygenase (to reduce serotonin levels in the brain), glutamine synthase (reduce glutamate and ammonia levels in the brain), cytochrome P-450 hemoprotein (mobilizes arachidonic acid), and metallothionein (reduces heavy metals in the body).
In addition to the effects caused by cortisol binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, because of its molecular similarity to aldosterone, it also binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor. Aldosterone and cortisol have similar affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor however, glucocorticoids circulate at roughly 100 times the level of mineralocorticoids. An enzyme exists in mineralocorticoid target tissues to prevent overstimulation by glucocorticoids and allow selective mineralocorticoid action. This enzyme, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (Protein:HSD11B2), catalyzes the deactivation of glucocorticoids to 11-dehydro metabolites.

[edit] Binding
Most serum cortisol, all but about 4%, is bound to proteins including corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), and serum albumin. Only free cortisol is available to most receptors.


[edit] Regulation
The primary control of cortisol is the pituitary gland peptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH probably controls cortisol by controlling movement of calcium into the cortisol secreting target cells.[33]. ACTH is in turn controlled by the hypothalamic peptide, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), which is under nervous control. CRH acts synergistically with arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, and epinephrine [34]. When activated macrophages start to secrete interleukin-1 (IL-1), which synergistically with CRH increases ACTH, [35] T-cells also secrete glucosteroid response modifying factor (GRMF or GAF) as well as IL-1, both of which increase the amount of cortisol required to inhibit almost all the immune cells [36]. Thus immune cells take over their own regulation, but at a higher cortisol set point. Even so, the rise of cortisol in diarrheic calves is minimal over healthy calves and drops below with time. [37] The cells do not lose all of the fight or flight override because of interleukin-1's synergism with CRH. Cortisol even has a negative feedback effect on interleukin-1 [38] which must be especially useful against those diseases which gain an advantage by forcing the hypothalamus to secrete too much CRH, such as the endotoxin bacteria..The suppressor immune cells are not affected by GRMF, [39] so that the effective set point for the immune cells may be even higher than the set point for physiological processes. GRMF (called GAF in this reference) primarily affects the liver rather than the kidneys for some physiological processes [40].

A high potassium media, which stimulates aldosterone secretion in vitro, also stimulates cortisol secretion from the fasciculata zone of dog adrenals [41] unlike corticosterone, upon which potassium has no effect [42]. Potassium loading increases ACTH and cortisol in people also [43]. This is no doubt the reason why a potassium deficiency causes cortisol to decline (as just mentioned) and why a potassium deficiency causes a decrease in conversion of 11deoxycortisol to cortisol [44]. This probably contributes to the pain in rheumatoid arthritis since cell potassium is always low in that disease [45]


Diseases and disorders
Hypercortisolism: Excessive levels of cortisol in the blood result in Cushing's syndrome.
Hypocortisolism, or adrenal insufficiency: If on the other hand the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of cortisol, Addison's disease is the consequence.
The relationship between cortisol and ACTH is as follows:

THE DISORDERS OF CORTISOL SECRETION Plasma Cortisol Plasma ACTH
Primary Hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) ↑ ↓
Secondary Hypercortisolism (pituitary or ectopic tumor, Cushing's disease) ↑ ↑
Primary Hypocortisolism (Addison's disease) ↓ ↑
Secondary Hypocortisolism (pituitary tumor) ↓ ↓


[edit] Pharmacology
The remainder of this article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please improve this article if you can. (January 2007)

Hydrocortisone is the pharmaceutical term for cortisol used for oral administration, intravenous injection, or topical application. It is used as an immunosuppressive drug, given by injection in the treatment of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema, in place of prednisolone in patients who need steroid treatment but cannot take oral medication, and peri-operatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an Addisonian crisis.

It may be used topically for allergic rashes, eczema, psoriasis and certain other inflammatory skin conditions. It may also be injected into inflamed joints resulting from diseases such as gout.

Compared to prednisolone, hydrocortisone is about 1/4 the strength for the anti-inflammatory effect, while Dexamethasone is about 40 times as strong as hydrocortisone. For side effects, see corticosteroid and prednisolone.

Hydrocortisone creams and ointments are available without prescription in strengths ranging from 0.5% to 2.5%, depending on local regulations, with stronger forms available with prescriptions only. Covering the skin after application increases the absorption and effect. Such enhancement is sometimes prescribed, but otherwise should be avoided to prevent over-dosing and systemic impacts.

Advertising for the dietary supplement CortiSlim originally (and falsely) claimed that it contributed to weight loss by blocking cortisol. The manufacturer was fined $1.2 million by the Federal Trade Commission in 2007 for false advertising, and no longer claims in their marketing that CortiSlim is a cortisol antagonist.


Biochemistry

Biosynthesis

Steroidogenesis, showing cortisol at right.Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol. The synthesis takes place in the zona fasciculata of the cortex of the adrenal glands. (The name cortisol comes from cortex.) While the adrenal cortex also produces aldosterone (in the zona glomerulosa) and some sex hormones (in the zona reticularis), cortisol is its main secretion. The medulla of the adrenal gland lies under the cortex and mainly secretes the catecholamines, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) under sympathetic stimulation (more epinephrine is produced than norepinephrine, in a ratio 4:1).

The synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal gland is stimulated by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); production of ACTH is in turn stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), released by the hypothalamus. ACTH increases the concentration of cholesterol in the inner mitochondrial membrane (via regulation of STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein). The cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone, catalysed by Cytochrome P450SCC (side chain cleavage).


Metabolism
Cortisol is metabolized by the 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system (11-beta HSD), which consists of two enzymes: 11-beta HSD1 and 11-beta HSD2.

11-beta HSD1 utilizes the cofactor NADPH to convert biologically inert cortisone to biologically active cortisol.
11-beta HSD2 utilizes the cofactor NAD+ to convert cortisol to cortisone.
Overall the net effect is that 11-beta HSD1 serves to increase the local concentrations of biologically active cortisol in a given tissue, while 11-beta HSD2 serves to decrease the local concentrations of biologically active cortisol.

Cortisol is also metabolized into 5-alpha tetrahydrocortisol (5-alpha THF) and 5-beta tetrahydrocortisol (5-beta THF), reactions for which 5-alpha reductase and 5-beta reductase are the rate-limiting factors, respectively. 5-beta reductase is also the rate-limiting factor in the conversion of cortisone to tetrahydrocortisone (THE).

The CA3 area of hippocampus (memory) is affected by cortisol.[citation needed]

An alteration in 11-beta HSD1 has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance, sometimes referred to the metabolic syndrome.[citation needed]

An alteration in 11-beta HSD2 has been implicated in essential hypertension and is known to lead to the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME).[citation needed]

Cortisol

Cortisol is one of the most popular causes of alleged weight gain to be researched today. There are hundreds of supplements that aim at changing the amount of cortisol in the body through essentially similar methods, and yet more come out each and every day. CortiDiet™ is one of these products, offering a solution to overstressed, overworked, and overweight people by implementing a system of “proper diet, exercise and supplementation.” CortiDiet™ states that our brain’s natural reaction to stressful situations is archaic, dating back to a time when food was scarce and we needed to store fat for energy. CortiDiet™ then offers a solution—controlling our body’s reaction to stress and inhibiting the actions of cortisol. The ingredients are not unusual for this type of product, but its approach to weight loss is different from almost every other diet product on the market.
Ingredients At A Glance
CortiDiet™’s formula includes Phosphatidylserine, Mucuna Pruriens, 5 HTP, Green Tea Leaf, Coleus Forskohlii, Zhi Shi, Guggulesterones, Chromium Polynicotinate, Vanadium, Calcium, and Magnesium.

Phosphatidylserine is a stress-reducing ingredient derived from soy beans. The ingredient has a positive neuroendocrine effect on moods when used over an extended period of time (10 days). Green Tea Leaf Extract is included in this product in order to increase metabolism and burn more fat. The included antioxidants in this extract also help with general health. However, Green Tea Leaf Extract contains caffeine which has been known to cause negative side-effects which include nausea, insomnia, nervousness, elevated heart rate and increased blood pressure

Guggulesterones are added to increase fat metabolism and thyroid function. They also reduce cholesterol in the blood stream and have been shown to affect weight loss. Zhi Shi increases the thermogenic processes in the body with no negative side effects, resulting in safe weight loss through burning fat more rapidly.

5 HTP, a derivative of the amino acid tryptophan, works to relieve mild to moderate depression and insomnia, as well as suppressing the appetite and reducing the sensation of pain. This is done through increased levels of serotonin produced by 5 HTP. Mood-enhancing ingredients such as these should be used cautiously, especially for those who are taking prescriptions for depression or other mood disorders. Calcium has recently been studied in terms of weight loss, and it has become a more and more common ingredient in weight loss supplements. Calcium helps reduce blood pressure as well as reducing the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke. This ingredient also has been suggested as an aid to help fight obesity in children and adults.

Magnesium and Chromium both play roles in the conversion of carbohydrates, protein and fat into energy, and Chromium also has a positive effect on blood sugar levels. However, neither of these are usually considered primary active ingredients, but more of just “helpers” in supplements. Mucuna Pruriens is a traditional Ayurvedic herb that contains the chemical precursor to dopamine, helping to elevate mood while keeping the body alert. This ingredient also signals the body to burn fat while it helps control appetite.

Coleus Forskohlii is included for its ability to decrease blood pressure and release fatty acids from the body in a process similar to that of Ephedra, but without the jittery side effects. The site makes many plugs for ForsLean, a patented and award-winning version of Coleus Forskohlii, but CortiDiet™ does not actually contain the patented ingredient—it seems to be a way of building confidence in the product without spending the money to get the ingredient that carries that confidence. The final ingredient in CortiDiet™ is Vanadium, an important ingredient for glycemic control, keeping blood sugar levels at the proper place.

CortiDiet™ should be taken twice each day, once before breakfast and once before dinner. CortiDiet™ does not make fanatical claims for its product, but instead requires that those using the supplement also keep a sensible diet and an adequate exercise program in order to feel the effects of this product. If used in tandem with another product, CarboBurn XR™, the effects may go up by as much as 400%. There are no reported side effects for this product, but with its mood-elevating ingredients, consumers should talk to their doctors before beginning this product.
Cost
A single bottle of CortiDiet™ normally retails for $49.99, but through Doctorswellnesscenter.com, the source of the information for this review, a single bottle is on sale for $39.99. A 10% discount is given when ordering two bottles, costing only $71.98 together. When three bottles are purchased, a fourth is included for free, leaving the price at $119.97—the “Consumer Best Buy” on the site. There are also combination offers for other products that help increase the results of CortiDiet™. Shipping through the site is $7.95 for orders under 1 pound and $10.95 for orders over 1 pound. Faster shipping methods are available, but they are considerably more expensive. CortiDiet offers a 30-day 100% satisfaction guarantee, although the terms of this guarantee are not specific. We assume that within 30 days of receiving the product, you may return it if you are not completely satisfied, but we are not sure if that includes partially used products or only unopened products.
Website In Focus
Doctorswellnesscenter.com is the most complete source of information on CortiDiet, and we used the site as our basis for this review. The information on the site is easy to find and very helpful. All of the ingredients are presented and described, and shipping and pricing information is readily available. There are also customer testimonials and FAQs to assist in your decision to purchase the product. However, the website itself appears rather unprofessional. The entire site looks like it was done by a high school class, leaving much to be desired in terms of visual appeal. Even with the secure shopping and ample information, the site still does not appear as trustworthy as it should.
Positives
Improves mood naturally.

All the necessary information is readily available on the website.
Negatives
Their customers do not like them at all and have negative things to say about their experiences. Click here to read a popular Cortisol blog.

Contains caffeine, a stimulant that could have negative side effects.

Moderately expensive product.

Requires exercise and proper diet to be effective.

Should be used in combination with other products in the product line to maximize effectiveness.

Website is in serious need of visual updating.
Final Thoughts
CortiDiet™’s sensible approach to weight loss is refreshing—there are no big promises, no incredible claims, and no secrets about the fact that proper diet and exercise are essential to healthy weight loss. However, this does mean that someone who is looking to lose weight must change their entire lifestyle in order to see moderate results. The other choice is to include even more moderately expensive products to make CortiDiet™ work more effectively. The ingredients include a couple mild hunger suppressants, but none that have been proven to be truly effective. And while there are thermogenic agents in this product, the product has too many stipulations to be effective. Less expensive and more effective options are available for both general weight loss and stress-targeted weight loss, leaving CortiDiet™ behind several other competitors in the diet market.

Many people looking to lose weight should consider finding a healthy eating plan that they like and can live with long term. You should also exercise each day by doing an activity that is fun and enjoyable. Water is extremely important too, and dieters need a lot of it to stay hydrated and to keep their bodies free of toxins. Finally, try the addition of a supplement specifically designed to help with weight loss. Be sure that the product you choose includes the two key elements all effective diet products need; a fat-burner to rid the body of excess weight on the arms, hips, belly, thighs and buttocks, and an appetite suppressant to help control caloric intake and keep cravings at bay. Many good intentions are ruined by cravings that take us over and sabotage our dieting efforts. If you combine all these elements, along with patience and diligence, you will see the pounds come off.
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Psychological Stress and Cancer: Questions and Answers

Psychological Stress and Cancer: Questions and Answers

Key Points
Psychological stress affects the body in many ways (see Question 2).
A direct relationship between psychological stress and the development of cancer has not been scientifically proven (see Question 3).

Researchers have suggested that psychological factors may affect cancer progression (increase in tumor size or spread of cancer in the body) in patients who have the disease (see Question 5).

Introduction
The complex relationship between physical and psychological health is not well understood. Scientists know that psychological stress can affect the immune system, the body’s defense against infection and disease (including cancer); however, it is not yet known whether stress increases a person’s susceptibility to disease (1).

What is psychological stress?
Psychological stress refers to the emotional and physiological reactions experienced when an individual confronts a situation in which the demands go beyond their coping resources. Examples of stressful situations are marital problems, death of a loved one, abuse, health problems, and financial crises (2).

How does stress affect the body?
The body responds to stress by releasing stress hormones, such as epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and cortisol (also called hydrocortisone). The body produces these stress hormones to help a person react to a situation with more speed and strength. Stress hormones increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels. Small amounts of stress are believed to be beneficial, but chronic (persisting or progressing over a long period of time) high levels of stress are thought to be harmful (1).
Stress that is chronic can increase the risk of obesity, heart disease, depression, and various other illnesses. Stress also can lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as overeating, smoking, or abusing drugs or alcohol, that may affect cancer risk.

Can stress increase a person’s risk of developing cancer?
Studies done over the past 30 years that examined the relationship between psychological factors, including stress, and cancer risk have produced conflicting results. Although the results of some studies have indicated a link between various psychological factors and an increased risk of developing cancer, a direct cause-and-effect relationship has not been proven (3, 4).
Some studies have indicated an indirect relationship between stress and certain types of virus-related tumors. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that chronic stress weakens a person’s immune system, which in turn may affect the incidence of virus-associated cancers, such as Kaposi sarcoma and some lymphomas (5).
More recent research with animal models (animals with a disease that is similar to or the same as a disease in humans) suggests that the body’s neuroendocrine response (release of hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system) can directly alter important processes in cells that help protect against the formation of cancer, such as DNA repair and the regulation of cell growth (6).

Why are the study results inconsistent?
It is difficult to separate stress from other physical or emotional factors when examining cancer risk (3, 4). For example, certain behaviors, such as smoking and using alcohol, and biological factors, such as growing older, becoming overweight, and having a family history of cancer, are common risk factors for cancer. Researchers may have difficulty controlling the presence of these factors in the study group or separating the effects of stress from the effects of these other factors (3). In some cases, the number of people in the study, length of follow-up, or analysis used is insufficient to rule out the role of chance (4). Also, studies may not always take into account that cancer is not a homogeneous (uniform in nature) disease.
How does stress affect people who have cancer?
Studies have indicated that stress can affect tumor growth and spread, but the precise biological mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. Scientists have suggested that the effects of stress on the immune system may in turn affect the growth of some tumors (7). However, recent research using animal models indicates that the body’s release of stress hormones can affect cancer cell functions directly (8).
A review of studies that evaluated psychological factors and outcome in cancer patients suggests an association between certain psychological factors, such as feeling helpless or suppressing negative emotions, and the growth or spread of cancer, although this relationship was not consistently seen in all studies (3). In general, stronger relationships have been found between psychological factors and cancer growth and spread than between psychological factors and cancer development (6).
Where can a person find more information about psychological stress?
Additional information about stress can be found on the National Institute of Mental Health’s (NIMH) Web site at http://www.nimh.nih.gov on the Internet. The NIMH, a part of the National Institutes of Health, provides national leadership in the study of mental and behavioral disorders, including the causes and effects of psychological stress.
The National Women’s Health Information Center (NWHIC), a service of the Office on Women’s Health, provides information on stress and health on its Web site at http://www.womenshealth.gov on the Internet. In particular, the fact sheet Stress and Your Health provides answers to frequently asked questions about causes of stress, how women react to stress, and ways to handle stress. This resource is available at http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/stress.htm on the Internet.
Selected References
Segerstrom S, Miller G. Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological Bulletin 2004; 130(4): 601–630.
Venes D, Thomas C, editors. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. 19th ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company, 2001.
Garssen B. Psychological factors and cancer development: Evidence after 30 years of research. Clinical Psychology Review 2004; 24(3):315–338.
Dalton SO, Boesen EH, Ross L, Schapiro IR, Johansen C. Mind and cancer: Do psychological factors cause cancer? European Journal of Cancer 2002; 38(10): 1313–1323.
Reiche EM, Nunes SO, Morimoto HK. Stress, depression, the immune system, and cancer. The Lancet Oncology 2004; 5(10):617–625.
Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, et al. The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumour biology: Pathways and mechanisms. Nature Reviews Cancer 2006; 6(3):240–248.
Andersen BL, Farrar WB, Golden-Kreutz D, et al. Stress and immune responses after surgical treatment for regional breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998; 90(1):30–36.
Thaker PH, Han LY, Kamat AA, et al. Chronic stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma. Nature Medicine 2006; 12(8):939–944.
# # #
Related NCI materials and Web pages:
National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet 10.3, Quitting Tobacco: Handling Stress ... Without Smoking 1(http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/stress)
Understanding Cancer Series: The Immune System 2(http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem)
What You Need To Know About™ Cancer 3(http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/overview)
For more help, contact:
NCI's Cancer Information Service Telephone (toll-free): 1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) TTY (toll-free): 1–800–332–8615 LiveHelp® online chat: https://cissecure.nci.nih.gov/livehelp/welcome.asp

Glossary Termsanalysis
A process in which anything complex is separated into simple or less complex parts. animal model
An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans. Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and to test new treatments before they are given to humans. Animals with transplanted human cancers or other tissues are called xenograft models. biological

Pertaining to biology or to life and living things. In medicine, refers to a substance made from a living organism or its products. Biologicals may be used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve of symptoms of a disease. For example, antibodies, interleukins, and vaccines are biologicals. Biological also refers to parents and children who are related by blood. cancer (KAN-ser)
A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. cell (sel)

The individual unit that makes up the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. depression
A mental condition marked by ongoing feelings of sadness, despair, loss of energy, and difficulty dealing with normal daily life. Other symptoms of depression include feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, loss of pleasure in activities, changes in eating or sleeping habits, and thoughts of death or suicide. Depression can affect anyone, and can be successfully treated. Depression affects 15-25% of cancer patients. disorder (dis-OR-der)
In medicine, a disturbance of normal functioning of the mind or body. Disorders may be caused by genetic factors, disease, or trauma. DNA
The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next. Also called deoxyribonucleic acid. drug
Any substance, other than food, that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal condition. Also refers to a substance that alters mood or body function, or that can be habit-forming or addictive, especially a narcotic. epinephrine
A hormone and neurotransmitter. Also called adrenaline. follow-up
Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment. This includes keeping track of the health of people who participate in a clinical study or clinical trial for a period of time, both during the study and after the study ends. hormone (HOR-mone)
One of many chemicals made by glands in the body. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Some hormones can also be made in the laboratory. hydrocortisone
A drug used to relieve the symptoms of certain hormone shortages and to suppress an immune response. immune system (ih-MYOON SIS-tem)
The complex group of organs and cells that defends the body against infections and other diseases. incidence

The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed each year. lymphoma (lim-FOH-muh) Cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. There are two basic categories of lymphomas. One kind is Hodgkin lymphoma, which is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. The other category is non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which includes a large, diverse group of cancers of immune system cells.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be further divided into cancers that have an indolent (slow-growing) course and those that have an aggressive (fast-growing) course. These subtypes behave and respond to treatment differently. Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in children and adults, and prognosis and treatment depend on the stage and the type of cancer. National Institutes of Health

A federal agency in the U.S. that conducts biomedical research in its own laboratories; supports the research of non-Federal scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad; helps in the training of research investigators; and fosters communication of medical information. Access the National Institutes of Health Web site at http://www.nih.gov. Also called NIH. neuroendocrine (NOOR-oh-EN-doh-krin)
Having to do with the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Neuroendocrine describes certain cells that release hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system. obese

Having an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. overweight
Being too heavy for one’s height. Excess body weight can come from fat, muscle, bone, and/or water retention. Being overweight does not always mean being obese. progression (proh-GREH-shun)
In medicine, the course of a disease, such as cancer, as it becomes worse or spreads in the body. risk factor

Something that may increase the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for cancer include age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, certain eating habits, obesity, lack of exercise, exposure to radiation or other cancer-causing agents, and certain genetic changes. sarcoma

A cancer of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. tumor (TOO-mer)
An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Tumors may be benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous). Also called neoplasm. virus (VY-rus)
In medicine, a very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease. Because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells, they are not considered to be alive.

Table of Links
1.http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/stress
2 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem
3 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/overview

Stress And Fear Can Affect Cancer's Recurrence

Web address: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/ 080227142656.htm
Stress And Fear Can Affect Cancer's Recurrence

ScienceDaily (Feb. 29, 2008) — A scientist shows that mind may indeed affect matter. After the surgical removal of a malignant tumor, the chance that cancer will re-appear in a different location of the body remains high. But new research from Tel Aviv University, in a bold new field called Psychoneuroimmunology, may prevent those cancer cells from taking root again -- and the key to the treatment is stress reduction.

A new study led by Prof. Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu, from Tel Aviv University's Department of Psychology, has shown scientifically that psychological and physiological stress prior to, during and after surgery has a biological impact that impairs immune system functioning. This impairment bears down on disease progression, he says, especially at the critical point during oncological surgery when a primary tumor is being removed.
The results are expected to influence cancer intervention programs in the future.
Effects of Fear

"The psychological stressors of surgery deal a blow to the immune system, but this is hardly discussed in the medical community," says Prof. Ben-Eliyahu. "Ours is among the first studies to show that psychological fear may be no less important than real physiological tissue damage in suppressing immune competence."

The surprising part of Prof. Ben-Eliyahu's studies is that stress hormones such as adrenaline, which are released before and during surgery, "underlie much of the devastating effects of surgery on immune competence," says Prof. Ben-Eliyahu.
Until now, doctors assumed that the immune system was weakened due to tissue damage and the body's responses to it. A weak immune system is one of the major factors that promotes cancer metastases after an operation, explains Prof. Ben-Eliyahu.
"Timing is everything after cancer surgery," says Prof. Ben-Eliyahu. "There is a short window of opportunity, about a week after surgery, when the immune system needs to be functioning maximally in order kill the tiny remaining bits of tumor tissue that are scattered around the body."

An Early Boost
The main stress hormones that appear to have an impact on immune competence are released before and during surgery, Prof. Ben-Eliyahu has found. He is currently developing a novel intervention program, based on existing generic drugs, to block the influence of these hormones.
Pre-clinical studies in a 2005 study also published in Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity reveal that by blocking these stress hormones, cancer metastases in animal models could be reduced. In a recent study (in progress), Prof. Ben-Eliyahu also found that by blocking these hormones, he could increase long-term post-operative survival rates from cancer in animal models, by as much as 200-300 percent.

Prof. Ben-Eliyahu and his students are now also trying to integrate stimulation of the immune system just before surgery and prevent its suppression. This may provide the immune system with an opportunity to eradicate cancer residuals after the surgical removal of the primary tumor, and before these residuals are re-established and become resistant to immunity, he says.
Prof. Ben-Eliyahu concludes, "By boosting the immune system and blocking its suppression by psychological and physiological stress, starting a day or two before surgery, during surgery and after surgery, we may be able to provide an intervention program that can extend people's lives and potentially increase their chances for long-term survival."
He plans on starting clinical trials within the next year or two.

Prof. Ben-Eliyahu is one of about 200 other scientists working in the novel and emerging field of Psychoneuroimmunology. It is an interdisciplinary study of the interaction between the psychological processes of the brain, and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. In this field, Prof. Ben-Eliyahu collaborates regularly with Prof. Gayle Page from the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and other scientists from the United States and Israel. His work is supported by the U.S. National Institute of Health. In May, he plans on attending the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society conference in Madison, Wisconsin.
The study was published in the journal Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity (2007).

Broadcasting with FGBMFI PURI BANK AND PLUIT JUNCTION CHAPTER IN RADIO CAKRAWALA 98,3 FM JAKARTA

Pada tanggal 30 Desember 2008, hari selasa jam 9 malam.
Kami dari Tim Full Gospel Businessmen Fellowship International ( FGMBFI) Puri bank and Property Chapter dan FGMBFI Pluit Junction mengadakan Talk show di Radio Cakrawala Mandarin Station 98,3 FM Jakarta.

Tema: Menghadapi Tahun 2009 dengan sikap sebagai pemenang.
Para perserta terdiri dari
Awi ,Field Rep FGMBFI
Samuel David Immanuel, President chapter FGMBFI Puri bank and Property Chapter
Alfred, President chapter FGMBFI Pluit Junction Chapter
Farianto, member FGMBI Puri bank and Property Chapter

Talk show dipandu oleh Bapak Awi.
Lagu pertama adalah Janji Mu seperti Fajar pagi hari.
Lagu kedua Sentuh Hatiku.

Ayat Alkitab
Jawab Yesus kepadanya: "Kasihilah Tuhan, Allahmu, dengan segenap hatimu dan dengan segenap jiwamu dan dengan segenap akal budimu. Itulah hukum yang terutama dan yang pertama. Dan hukum yang kedua, yang sama dengan itu, ialah: Kasihilah sesamamu manusia seperti dirimu sendiri. Pada kedua hukum inilah tergantung seluruh hukum Taurat dan kitab para nabi."

Hal mengumpulkan harta (Matius 6:19-24)
Jangan mengumpulkan harta di bumi, "Tetapi kumpulkanlah bagimu harta di sorga. ... Karena di mana hartamu berada, di situ juga hatimu berada." (6:20-21)
Orang tidak dapat mengabdi kepada Allah dan kepada Mamon (dewa kekayaan - yang dilambangkan dengan cinta akan uang)
Hal kekuatiran (Matius 6:25-34)
Jangan kuatir akan hidupmu, makanan atau minuman atau pakaian, karena hidup itu lebih penting dari pada semuanya, "Tetapi carilah dahulu Kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya, maka semuanya itu akan ditambahkan kepadamu" (6:33)


Memasuki Tahun 2009. Bagi dunia Tahun 2009 adalah masa krisis tapi bagi anak Tuhan Tahun 2009 adalah Tahun kebangkitan dari kegagalan.
Taruh angka nol anda ( segala kegagalan, ketakutan, kecewa, utang,masalah ) anda dalam tangan Tuhan.Taruh Tuhan didepan angka Nol anda. Maka akan didapatkan angka 10 yaitu angka sempurna atau Kemenangan didalam Tuhan.

Segala ketidakmampuan kita akan menjadi mujizat ketika kita Tuhan no 1 dalam prioritas hidup kita. Kita harus punya mental prajurit yang siap berperang bagi kebenaran dan keadilan sesuai Firman Tuhan. Seorang prajurit atau Mental Jenderal tidak mengeluh tentang masalahnya. Mentalnya tidak mudah putus asa dan kuatir akan hidupnya .Fokus hidupnya adalah tampil sebagai pemenang terhadap masalahnya dan andalkan Tuhan dalam rencana hidupnya.Maka Berkat dan kesehatan akan mengikutinya.
Mental Seorang Jenderal tidak mudah mengeluh. Kita harus menyingkirkan mental seorang pengamen. Ketika kita diberkati Tuhan kita memuji Tuhan, Ketika berkat belum diberikan kita mengerutu atau bersungut-sungut. Mental pengamen selalu bernyanyi memuji Tuhan atau melayani Tuhan. Yang menjadi fokus akhirnya adalah berkat Jasmani. Jika tidak diberikan akan ngambek.Tetapi Mental Jenderal siap mati buat Tuhan. Diberkati atau tidak diberkati tetap maju bagi Kerajaan Allajh. PAda akhir zaman ini , Tuhan hanya bisa memakai orang yang punya mental prajurit. Setia pada Komandannya yaitu Tuhan Yesus.Hanya ada satu kata Siap dan taat pada Firman Tuhan. No return point. No regrets, no surrender.
We are the champion and Hero for Kingdom of GOD.

Mencintai sesama seperti diri sendiri, Tahun 2009.
Kita harus membuang segala sakit hati, dendan, kepahitan terhadap orang lain.
Hati yang gembira adalah obat. Joy of the Lord is our strenght.

Emosi adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk keadaan mental dan fisiologis yang berhubungan dengan beragam perasaan, pikiran, dan perilaku. Emosi adalah pengalaman yang bersifat subjektif, atau dialami berdasarkan sudut pandang individu. Emosi berhubungan dengan konsep psikologi lain seperti suasana hati, temperamen, kepribadian, dan disposisi.

Kata "emosi" diturunkan dari kata bahasa Perancis, émotion, dari émouvoir, 'kegembiraan' dari bahasa Latin emovere, dari e- (varian eks-) 'luar' dan movere 'bergerak'. "Motivasi" juga diturunkan dari movere.

Segala stress atau emosi negatif ( dendam,marah, kepahitan, tidak mau mengampuni ) akan menjadi sumber penyakit stroke, Jantung,darah tinggi dan kanker. Terdapat hubungan antara Tubuh dan jiwa

Stress, Kemarahan , Ketakutan, Kecemasan dan Depresi-
Emosi-Emosi Negatif apa pun dapat menjadi sebuah bom waktu.

Emosi-emosi yang merusak memiliki pengaruh-pengaruh beracun terhadap tubuh dan mengakibatkan sejumlah penyakit serius-tekanan darah tinggi, arthritis, sclerosis ganda, masalah buang air besar, dan bahkan beberapa jenis kanker. Kebenarannya adalah bahwa Anda bisa memangkas harapan hidup Anda dan merampas kesehatan yang Anda usahakan dengan keras.

Dalam buku Emosi yang Mematikan, Dr. Don Colbert menjelaskan perasaan-perasaan yang berpotensi merusak itu- apa saja bentuknya, darimana asalnya, dan bagaimana semua itu mewujudkan dirinya. Anda tak perlu hidup atas belas kasihan emosi-emosi Anda. Berfokus pada empat wilayah mendasar dari kesejahteraan emosi-kebenaran, pengampunan, sukacita, dan damai- Dr.Colbert menunjukkan kepada Anda bagaimana bangkit mengatasi emosi-emosi yang mematikan dan menemukan kesehatan yang sejati-bagi tubuh, pikiran dan roh Anda.

Kuasa pengampunan dari ajaran Tuhan Yesus sangat dasyat. Bukan hanya menyembuhan luka batin tetapi segala penyakit berat. Karena hati yang gembira adalah obat.
Hati yang luka adalah sumber stress dan penyakit
bagian besar penyakit memang karena gaya hidup dan pola makan yang tidak benar. Tapi tahukah Anda? Bahwa beberapa penyakit ternyata berkaitan erat dengan kondisi emosi Anda yang tidak stabil, pikiran yang selalu negatif serta kepribadian buruk?


Seseorang yang memiliki karakter pembosan 'berat' biasanya mudah terserang penyakit sakit kepala, arthritis, asma, dan jantung.

Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada keterkaitan antara kebosanan dan sakit kepala yang Anda alami.

Sekarang tanyakan pada diri Anda sendiri, apakah hari-hari Anda selama ini terlihat monoton dan Anda hanya melakukan aktifitas yang itu-itu saja setiap hari?

Jika ya, kemungkinan Anda akan mudah terserang penyakit arthritis, asma, atau penyakit jantung. Alasannya adalah rasa bosan pada diri Anda dapat melahirkan emosi negatif pada tubuh, sehingga dengan mudah meningkatkan stres dan memperlemah sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Tak hanya itu, kebosanan juga dapat mempengaruhi kebiasaan makan Anda. Apakah masih teringat bagaimana Anda menghabiskan begitu banyak cemilan manis atau asin saat menunggu seseorang?

Seseorang yang pencemas dan suka panik berlebihan biasanya mudah mengalami gangguan lambung.

Penelitian yang dilakukan Douglas Drossman, seorang dosen kedokteran dari University of North Carolina menemukan fakta bahwa perempuan yang memiliki rasa cemas berlebihan pada hal-hal kecil sekalipun, akan dengan mudah terserang gangguan pada lambungnya.

Seseorang yang memiliki sifat tidak sabaran dan emosional akan mudah terserang penyakit jantung dan stroke.

Selain itu, jika Anda gampang gusar jika ada hal-hal kecil yang menganggu? Atau Anda gampang naik pitam saat seseorang membuat kesalahan di depan Anda?

Jika jawaban untuk semua pertanyaan di atas ya, maka berhati-hatilah. Rasa marah serta ketidaksabaran ternyata dapat mengaktifkan sistem kardiovaskuler secara terus menerus. Selanjutnya tekanan darah Anda akan cepat naik, kecepatan pernapasan akan meninggi, dan otot menjadi tegang. Akhirnya Anda terserang penyakit jantung dan stroke.

Jika Anda tidak percaya diri dan rendah diri berlebihan, maka Anda akan gampang sakit

Biasanya orang yang memiliki sikap mental seperti ini sering terlibat pada hubungan buruk. Baik itu dalam lingkungan pergaulan maupun dalam keluarga. Perasaan rendah diri menyebabkan proses penyembuhan untuk setiap penyakit pada dirinya akan terhambat, meski Anda hanya sekedar menderita sakit flu ringan.

Jadi mulai sekarang, tak ada salahnya Anda memperbaiki sifat buruk yang selama ini ada pada diri Anda